1. The Renaissance

2. The Beginning The term Renaissance means ―rebirth in Latin. It was a period from about 1300 to 1650 C.E. in which Europe experienced a rebirth of art and learning. The Renaissance started in Italy where wealth from trade supported art learning. It was influenced by very powerful Italian families such as the Medici’s who were bankers out of Florence. The families gave financial support, or patronage, to various artists. Here also modern capitalism was born. Private individuals or companies, not the government, owned businesses. The main goal is profit. Venice experienced great prosperity. Allowed the development of republican governments, headed by an elected doge, or leader.

3. So where did they get the ideas from? Far in the East a power was growing which would change the world…the Ottomans! They took over the Islam kingdoms and in 1453 they captured the Byzantine capital, Constantinople!

4. The Walls of Constantinople

5. The Ottoman Empire

6. What do the Ottomans have to do with the Renaissance Well…Once the Ottomans entered East Europe many Greek professors and scholars fled to Italy for safety. In Italy they brought the ancient Greek and Roman books on philosophy, history, mathematics, drama, science, and government! Once there, the Greek scholars opened universities

7. But there was also…trade! Venice These two cities began to transport goods from the Middle East since the Crusades They brought new ideas, technology, and products back from the East and spurred the drive for knowledgeGenoa

8. Characteristics of the Renaissance Individualism Questioning Attitude/ Critical thinking Interest in Secular, or non-religious, worldly matters Rise of the middle class (merchants)

9. Characteristics of the Renaissance Humanism focus on human achievement rather than religious themes. Became a movement. Due to secular nature and its questioning attitude, often ran into conflict with the traditional teachings of the Catholic Church and Medieval thought

10. Medieval Art Artists depicted subjects in an unrealistic 2D style Some of the great art work was in the stain glass windows, but again, 2D.

11. Characteristics of Renaissance Art Three Dimensional (3-D) Realistic & Lifelike Influenced by Greco- Roman culture ; its forms and its themes (i.e. beauty of the human body) New mediums: Oil on canvas And old: Frescos The importance of religion in art

12. Leonardo Da Vinci 1452-1519 Painter, scultor, studied geology, chemistry, and anatomy. Designed buildings, canals, weapons, and drew flying machines and engines Developed the “Renaissance Man” ideal –Successful in business, well-mannered, educated, athletic, and brave

13. Renaissance Man Could anyone in America be considered a Renaissance Man?

14. Ben Franklin vs. Leonardo Da Vinci Da Vinci 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Compare/contrast the characteristics of the two figures. Are they both renaissance Men? Franklin 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

15. Leonardo Da Vinci’s Works Mona Lisa La Scapigliata The Last Supper Gran Cavallo

16. Michelangelo David The Last Judgment Sistine Chapel Michelangelo Buonaroti (1475-1564) painted (the Sistine Chapel ceiling), sculptured (David), designed buildings, and wrote poetry David

17. Donatello St. John

18. Titian 1488-1576 Tiziano Vecelli or Vecellio, commonly known as Titian, was one of the greatest 16th century Renaissance painters of Venice, Italy San Marco Square Bacchus and Ariandne

19. Raphael Among his best known frescoes in the Vatican is The School of Athens. Raphael continued to work on the rooms until 1513, under the reign of Leo X, but left the last sections almost entirely to his pupils. In the meantime he worked on other tasks, such as secular and sacred decorations for various buildings, portraits, altarpieces, cartoons for tapestries, designs for dishes and stage sceneries. Raphael also became chief architect of the new Saint Peter's Basilica (the construction of which began in 1506)

20. Raphael School of Athens Galatea

21. St. Peter’s Cathedral in the Vatican Home of the Catholic Church and the Pope Designed by Michelangelo and Raphael - also served as architects

22. The Renaissance Moves North Because of the plague, it was not until 1450 that northern Europe enjoyed the economic growth that helped support the Renaissance in Italy. Northern artists and writers imitated Italian styles while adding new methods and ideas of their own. As a result of the printing press, books became more available and people became more literate.

23. The Renaissance Moves North Northern Humanists stressed education and classical learning, however, unlike the Italian humanists, they emphasized religious themes. They believed that the revival should be used to bring about religious and moral reform.

24. Albretch Durer 1471-1578 German painter, mathematician, printmaker, and engraver. Adoration of the Magi

25. Jan van Eyck 1394-1441 Belgian painter Giovanni Arnolfini and Bride

26. Renaissance Writers Began to use the vernacular instead of classical Latin. –(vernacular = the native language)

27. Petrarch Considered the Father of Humanism. Believed God had given man his intellect and potential to be used to the fullest. Wrote poetry in Italian and enumerable works in Latin on different subjects, but is best known for his Letters, which fill two volumes. These he wrote to his dead love, Laura who died from the plague

28. William Shakespeare The best known Renaissance writer was William Shakespeare. Between 1590 and 1613 he wrote 38 plays that are still performed around the world. Hamlet Taming of the Shrew A Midsummer’s Night Dream Romeo and Juliet MacBeth

29. Dante The Divine Comedy tells the story of a man’s journey through heaven and hell.

30. Geoffrey Chaucer The Canterbury Tales Series of stories depicting the lives of whole social spectrum on a pilgrimage to the shrine of Beckett at the Canterbury Cathedral in England

31. Boccaccio Decameron –Written in 1353, it is a collection of novellas (stories) that demonstrate life in the time and portrays many of the Renaissance attitudes.

32. Desiderius Erasmus A priest who wrote books, including The Praise of Folly 1509, condemned ignorance and superstition. He believed education could lead to more perfect societies. He inspired his colleagues to study Greek and Hebrew so that they could understand older versions of the Bible. His writings also Christian humanist’s desire to reform Catholicism to eliminate abuse.

33. Erasmus The Handbook of the Christian Knight – A work of a Christian Humanist, The Handbook speaks clearly and logically to Christian concerning how their secular lives should reflect their spiritual life In Praise of Folly – Book in which Erasmus criticizes the areas of society that were in most need of reform, such as monasteries and church corruption. – Protrayed the Pope as Folly, the Jester

34. Machiavelli Machiavelli was a political philosopher. The Prince advised kings how to rule. In Machiavelli way of thinking: The end justifies the means. – If it works, it is the "right" thing to do. – Forget ideals; lie, cheat, even murder if you must. A stable state is needed. The Prince First work of political science, instruction manual for the Prince to do what is necessary to stay in power and stability.

35. Sir Thomas More Served in the court of Henry VIII - only person considered to have virtue and allowed to remain Catholic - tried to persuade King Henry to remain Catholic - eventually made a saint of the Catholic Church Utopia a work of fiction, tells the story of a land that is almost perfect in every way and serves as an example of what the world should be.

36. The Printing Revolution In 1456, Johann Gutenberg printed the Bible using movable metal type on a machine called a printing press. Printed books became cheap and easier to produce that hand copies. Now, readers gained access to broad range of knowledge. (Medicine to Religion) The printing press would greatly contribute to the Protestant Reformation.

37. Think about the following and write your answer in a paragraph Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? What were the defining characteristics of the Renaissance? What were some of the common characteristics of Renaissance? art and how did it differ from medieval art? What was the cultural impact of the Renaissance on Europe and the rest of the world?