1. UNIT 4: VOLUNTEER WORK PART E: LANGUAGE FOCUS

2. PRONUNCIATION /w/ /j/ we wheel yes years west wet yellow use wine whale young York

3. GRAMMAR Exercise 1: Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate gerund of the verbs from the box. spend behave wait park start bend meet listen Example: He found that parking was difficult in that city.

4. 1- I have no objection to _______ to your story again. 2- Touch your toes without _________ your knees! 3- You should be ashamed of yourself for_________ so badly. 4- I am looking forward to _________ you. 5- You can’t prevent him from ________ his own money. 6- Would you mind _________ for a moment? 7- In spite of __________ late, we arrived in time. listening bending behaving meeting spending waiting starting

5. The gerund can be used in the following ways 1.As subject of sentence (in example) 2.As complement of a verb 3.After prepositions (in number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) 4.After certain verbs ( in number 6) 5.In noun compounds

6. Exercise 2: Complete of the following sentence with an appropriate present participle of the verb from the box lie modernize shop pass prepare rise try read burn Example : I saw him ________ my house -I saw him passing my house

7. 1. She smelt something _______ and saw smoke _________ 2. If she catches you _______ her diary, she’ll be furious. 3. The found a tree _______ across the road. 4. I’m going ________ this afternoon. 5. He doesn’t spend much time ________ his lessons. 6. They wasted the whole afternoon _______ to repair the bike. 7. They spend a lot of money __________ the house. burning rising reading lying shopping preparing trying modernizing

8. Some of the uses of present participle 1.After verbs of sensation (see, hear, feel, smell, listen to, notice, watch) 2.After catch/ find/ leave+ O 3.After go/ come/ spend/ waste/ be busy 4.To replace a clause Ex: He entered the room and saw a stranger.  Entering the room, he saw a stranger.

9. Comments The difference between gerund and present participle Gerund: used as a noun equivalent Present participle: more like a verb or an adjective

10. Exercise 3: Put the verb in brackets into the perfect gerund or perfect participle **Example: He was accused of _______ (desert) his ship two months ago. _ He was accused of having deserted his ship two months ago.

11. Perfect Gerund and Perfect Participle A perfect gerund / participle is used instead of a gerund/ participle when we want to emphasize the completion of the action GerundPerfect Gerund We are happy about your completing all your assignments We are happy about your having completed all your assignments

12. ParticiplePerfect Participle Finishing the work, they went home Having finished the work, they went home.

13. 1.I object to him having made (make) private calls on the office phone. PERFECT GERUND  PERFECT GERUND 2. Having been (be) his own boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from another. PERFECT PARTICIPLE  PERFECT PARTICIPLE 3. They denied having been (be) there.  PERFECT GERUND 4. Having tied (tie) one end of the rope to his bed, he threw the other end out of the window. PERFECT PARTICIPLE  PERFECT PARTICIPLE 5. Having read (read) the instruction, he snatched up the fire extinguisher. PERFECT PARTICIPLE  PERFECT PARTICIPLE 6. The children admitted having taken (take) the money. PERFECT GERUND  PERFECT GERUND

14. HOMEWORK Write 5 sentences using gerund and 5 sentences using participle

15. THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION