1. Research is a process of inquiry
報告人:歸家均
指導教授:任維廉 教授

2. 自我介紹
姓名:歸家均
學歷:運管系大四
興趣:打籃球、排球、
吃生魚片
運輸科技管理學系 歸家均

3. 大綱 Basic Assumption of Science
Observation and Inference: Facts and Constructs
Conceptual Models in Science
Inductive and Deductive Thinking, Models and Theories in Science
A Model of The Research Process
-Phases of Research
-Levels of Constraint
Summary
運輸科技管理學系 歸家均

4. Basic Assumption of Science
A true, physical universe does exist.
While there is randomness and thus unpredictability in the universe, it is primarily an orderly system.
This real and orderly universe is knowable through human intelligence, particularly through scientific research.
All knowledge is tentative.
運輸科技管理學系 歸家均

5. Observation and Inference: Facts and Constructs
At a minimum, scientific research involves:
1. Creating and posing a question.
2. Determining how to go about answering the question.
3. Planning for and making appropriate empirical observations.
4. Rationally making sense out of those observations.
運輸科技管理學系 歸家均

6. Observation and Inference: Facts and Constructs
Fact: Events that can be directly, empirically observed.
Observation: The empirical process of using our senses to recognize and to note factual events.
Inference: An intellectual process in which conclusion are derived from observed facts or from other ideas.
Construct: Nonobservable inferred events be constructed rational ideas by the researcher.
運輸科技管理學系 歸家均

7. Conceptual Models in Science
Model: A description or analogy to help understand something that is usually unseen and/or more complex.
運輸科技管理學系 歸家均

8. Conceptual Models in Science
Only represents reality, not duplicate it.
Can be constructed to represent any aspect of the universe that we wish to study.
Incomplete, tentative and analogical.
運輸科技管理學系 歸家均

9. Inductive and Deductive Thinking
Induction VS Deduction
The major aim of science is theory.
Four types of theories:
-Inductive theory
-deductive theory
-functional theory
-Model
運輸科技管理學系 歸家均

10. A Model of The Research Process
Phase of research: From generating an idea to the final communication.
Levels of constraint: The degree to which researcher imposes limits or controls on any part of the research process.
運輸科技管理學系 歸家均

11. Phase of research
運輸科技管理學系 歸家均

12. Levels of constraint Low-Level Constraints Naturalistic Observation
Case-Study Method of Observation
Correlational Research
Differential Research
Experimental Research
High-Level Constraints
運輸科技管理學系 歸家均

13. A Two-Dimensional Model
運輸科技管理學系 歸家均

14. Summary
Research is a process of inquiry in which they generate ideas, define , observe, analyze, interpret, and communicate it.
The central part is making empirical observations.
Which kind of constraints should be used is important for the researcher to choose.
運輸科技管理學系 歸家均