1. THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE

2. Assumptions  Nature is real, understandable, knowable through observation  Nature is orderly and uniform  Measurements yield knowledge of the thing measured  Natural laws are not affected by time

3.  Fact A thing that has actually happened or is true The state of things as they are; reality; truth  Observation The act, practice, or power of observing, or noticing A noting and recording of facts and events The data so noted and recorded  Phenomenon (observable event) Any fact or event that is apparent to the senses and can be scientifically described The appearance of something experienced as distinguished from the thing itself

4. Hypothesis  Inductive Reasoning: Reasoning from particular facts to a general conclusion.  Hypothesis: An unproved theory, proposition, etc. tentatively accepted to explain certain facts or to provide a basis for further investigation, argument, study, etc.

5. Prediction – The Basis for Directed Observations and Experiments  Deductive reasoning: The process of reasoning in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the stated premises; inference by reasoning from the general to the specific. IF; THEN: predicting things that would happen if a hypothesis is correct.

6. Experiments  Variables: things that can vary or change  Control of variables: constant or uniform  Experimental variable: what you are experimenting with  Control group: reference point  Objective data: clear with no overlap  Dependent and independent variables

8. Replication

9. Theories  A formulation of apparent relationships or underlying principles of certain observed phenomena which has been verified to some degree.  With sufficient verification, a Theory may come to be referred to as a Principle or a Law

10. Scientific Method: a Flashlight example