1. Section 21.1 Understanding Infectious Diseases Slide 1 of 17 Objectives Identify the causes of infectious diseases. Describe four ways in which infectious diseases are spread. Section 21.1 Understanding Infectious Diseases

2. Section 21.1 Understanding Infectious Diseases Slide 2 of 17

3. Section 21.1 Understanding Infectious Diseases http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s- HThHRV4uo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s- HThHRV4uo Slide 3 of 17

4. Section 21.1 Understanding Infectious Diseases Slide 4 of 17 Myth There isn’t much a person can do to avoid spreading or catching a cold or the flu. Fact About 80% of infectious diseases are spread by hand contact. Washing your hands with soap and water is a simple and effective way to prevent the spread of colds and the flu.PROPER HAND WASHING TECHNIQUE (VIDEO)PROPER HAND WASHING TECHNIQUE Do you think most teens wash their hands as much as they should? What do you think are some ways to encourage more frequent hand washing?

5. Section 21.1 Understanding Infectious Diseases Slide 5 of 17 Causes of Infectious Diseases Also known as communicable diseases, infectious diseases (in FEK shus) are caused by organisms or viruses that enter and multiply within the human body. Most common in the US: bacteria and virus MICROORGANISM- SO SMALL IT CAN ONLY BE SEEN THROUGH A MICROSCOPE. Microorganisms and viruses that cause disease are called pathogens (PATH uh junz). Pathogens can cause an infectious disease when they enter your body and multiply.

6. Section 21.1 Understanding Infectious Diseases Slide 6 of 17 Bacteria Bacteria (bak TEER ee uh) are simple, single-celled microorganisms. Bacteria live in air, soil, food, and in and on the bodies of plants and animals, including you.(Pretty much everywhere!) Some bacteria injure cells by giving off poisons called toxins (TAHK sinz) killing the cells and nervous system. Most can be treated with antibiotics DISEASES CAUSED BY

7. Section 21.1 Understanding Infectious Diseases Slide 7 of 17 Viruses The smallest pathogens are viruses. A virus must have a host cell. They can not reproduce on their own The virus then injects the virus strand into the cell and tricks it into making more virus strands. Antibiotics do not work against a virus your immune system must kill it. DISEASES CAUSED BY

8. Section 21.1 Understanding Infectious Diseases Slide 8 of 17 Fungi Organisms such as yeasts, molds, and mushrooms are known as fungi (FUN jy). Fungi grow best in warm, dark, moist areas.

9. Section 21.1 Understanding Infectious Diseases Slide 9 of 17 Protozoans Single-celled organisms that are much larger and more complex than bacteria are known as protozoans (proh tuh ZOH unz). Protozoans have the ability to move through fluids in search of food.

10. Section 21.1 Understanding Infectious Diseases Slide 10 of 17 Other Pathogens Some infectious diseases are caused by animals such as mites, lice, and certain worms.

11. Section 21.1 Understanding Infectious Diseases Slide 11 of 17 Infected People Many infectious diseases are spread through some form of contact with a person who has the disease. The contact may be direct physical contact. Infectious diseases can also spread through indirect contact. Shaking hands, kissing (direct) Coughing sneezing(indirect)

12. Section 21.1 Understanding Infectious Diseases Slide 12 of 17 Infected Animals Some infectious diseases are transmitted to humans through the bites of animals. Example: rabies from raccoons or dogs, malaria from mosquitoes, or lymes disease from bite of a tick

13. Section 21.1 Understanding Infectious Diseases Slide 13 of 17 Contaminated Objects Some pathogens can survive for a period of time outside a person’s body. These pathogens can be spread from person to person on objects such as doorknobs eating utensils towels needles used for body piercings and tattoos

14. Section 21.1 Understanding Infectious Diseases Slide 14 of 17 Contaminated Food, Soil, or Water Some pathogens are naturally present in food and soil. Sometimes water and food become contaminated with pathogens from infected people. Salmonella from eggs or raw poultry E. Coli from undercooked meat

15. Section 21.1 Understanding Infectious Diseases Slide 15 of 17 Vocabulary infectious disease A disease caused by an organism or virus that enters and multiplies within the human body. microorganism An organism that is so small it can only be seen through a microscope. pathogenA microorganism or virus that causes disease. bacteriaSimple, single-celled microorganisms. toxinA poison given off by some bacteria that can injure cells. virus The smallest type of pathogen.

16. Section 21.1 Understanding Infectious Diseases Slide 16 of 17 Vocabulary fungiOrganisms such as yeasts, molds, and mushrooms that grow best in warm, dark, moist areas. protozoanA large and complex single-celled organism.

17. Section 21.1 Understanding Infectious Diseases Slide 17 of 17 QuickTake Quiz Click to start quiz.

18. Section 21.1 Understanding Infectious Diseases End of Section 21.1 Click on this slide to end this presentation. Slide 18 of 17