1. The Progressive Era

2.  Definition  A group, person, or idea, that favors social reform or implementing new ideas.  Change that happens over time, step by step.  Both of these definitions fit the Progressive Era.

3.  A reform movement in America from 1890- 1920 that focused on removing the gild and correcting the wrongs that had developed.  The Progressive Presidents:  Teddy Roosevelt, William Taft, Woodrow Wilson  Address issues in 3 main areas:  Social  Business  Government

4.  Populist Movement  Farmers who united together at the turn of the century to fight Railroads  Industrialization meant new farming methods  Farmers went into debt to pay for new machines  Production increases, prices drop  Farmers can’t pay back loans or lose profit  Combine that with RR charging high prices to ship goods  Farmers create an alliance that becomes Progressivism at the national level

5.  The People:  Jacob Riis, Jane Addams, WEB DuBois, Susan B. Anthony  The Problem:  Fix what industrialization messed up  Immigration = discrimination  Overcrowded cities = unsafe  Little education  The Solution:  Show people what it is really like in these cities

6.  Emigrated from Denmark in 1870 (21)  Lived in poverty once in the US  Wanted to show how bad the situation had actually gotten  Words were not enough  Decided to take pictures to show instead of tell

7.  He published “How the Other Half Lives” to showcase how bad tenements were.  The Upper Class was appalled and housing reform was enacted.

8. Tenement meant to hold 12 families.

12. Above: Arabic Immigrants forced to live on the streets Below: a woman lives on the roof to fight TB

17.  City and Urban Reform  Address the issues of homelessness, poverty, and disease in the country.  Fought for better transport, building codes, fire safety regulation, and police  Tenement Act of 1901  Passed in NY, others will follow  Population limits, building codes, bathroom and plumbing requirements, safety precautions

18.  Led the Progressive movement in terms of women and children  Founder of Hull House  Settlement house in Chicago, est. 1889  Provide social and educational resources to the neighborhood buy offering classes  Literature, art history, domestic abilities, etc

19.  "To provide a center for a higher civic and social life; to institute and maintain educational and philanthropic enterprises, and to investigate and improve the conditions in the industrial districts of Chicago.

20.  Civil Rights Activist  NAACP  National Association for the Advancement of Colored People  Formed by WEB Du Bois and Jane Addams  Fought for fair treatment and equality  Aimed at segregation in the government  ADL  Anti-Defamation League  Fight the negative views on Jews

21.  Plessy V. Ferguson  1896 Supreme Court case which declared that separate but equal WAS allowed  Louisiana man Homer Plessy sat in a whites only section of a train car and was arrested  He fought it using the 14 th amendment as his justification  They said that it was within a states jurisdiction to control segregation  Immigration  Quota System  We will only allow a certain number of immigrants from each country every year  Limits opportunity  We can be selective

22.  Prohibition  Protestant Reform to fight “the parent of crimes and the mother of sins”… aka alcohol  Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)  Pressured congress into passing the 18 th amendment in 1919  Forbade the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcohol  Repealed in 1933 (14 years later)  Started an entire subculture

23.  Carry A. Nation  Part of the ‘temperance’ movement  Lived in Kansas  Known for her vandalism and violence at bars and saloons  Used a hatchet  Wanted to ‘carry the nation’ to the light

24.  Women’s Suffrage  Susan B. Anthony  Tried for voting as a demonstration  Famous activist, “failure is impossible”  Slowly, state by state, women began winning the vote  Pickets, hunger strikes, speeches, demonstrations, jail time, and protests made headlines  Eventually, Congress passed the 19 th amendment in 1920  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYQhRCs9IHM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYQhRCs9IHM

25.  Susan B. Anthony was arrested for trying to vote in the 1872 presidential election  Fined $100  Never paid it ;)

26.  The People  Teddy Roosevelt, Upton Sinclair, the PEOPLE  The Problem  Big Business  Monopolies rule, capitalism is hindered  Laissez-Faire  No regulation on goods or practices  The Solution  Creating a fair deal for all

27.  Teddy Roosevelt  Energetic military man ‘placed’ as VP  And then McKinley is assassinated… (sound familiar?)  “Bully” Pulpit  He now had a good platform to make his changes from  “Square” Deal  His plan for creating an agreement between businesses, workers, and consumers that was fair for all.

28. ENERGETIC AND PERSONABLEROUGH AND MILITARISTIC

29.  Decides to attack the big businesses of America  Starts ‘trust-busting’  Literally breaking up corporate trusts  “We demand that big business give the people a square deal!”

30.  Trust-busting basics  1902: Sues the Northern Securities Company, Supreme Court finds guilty of violating the Sherman Anti-Trust Act  Regulates Railroads  Treat small farms fairly and charge an acceptable price  Increases governments hand in business  Interstate commerce, government set rates, etc

31.  Aimed at keeping people safe  Problems of the time:  In order to keep profits high and costs low, businesses were flat out lying about their products.  Formaldehyde in eggs  Mixtures and potions as ‘miracle’ cures  Heroin in teething cures

32.  Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle exposed problems in the meat packing industry.  Excerpts on pages 528 and 538

33.  In reaction to The Jungle, TR orders an inspection of the industry  The findings are (surprise!) disgusting  Congress passes :  Meat Inspection Act  Check out what’s shipped across state lines  Pure Food and Drug Act  Labels and no falsifying items

34.  Teddy also wanted to preserve the resources and natural places in the US.  A lot of damage had been done during expansion and industrialization  Keep some areas wooded and natural  Develop certain areas as recreational locations for profit  National Parks  Irrigation in dry areas  18 national monuments  US Forest Service  150 million acres

35.  “We of an older generation can get along with what we have… but in your full manhood and womanhood you will want what nature once so bountifully supplied and man so thoughtlessly destroyed; and because of what you want you will reproach us, not for what we have used, but for what we have wasted.”

37.  Teddy decides not to run again in 1908  Instead, he supports Taft, a fellow Republican  Taft begins strong, but quickly abandons conservation in pursuit of his own interests  Government Reforms  After Taft’s 4 years, Roosevelt decides to run again!

39.  1912- Taft (R), Wilson (D), Roosevelt (BM/P)  Wilson wins because the R party was split  New Freedom  Reform of banking, legislation, reduced tariff  Needed the income tax more  FRA  Federal Reserve Act  Banking Security

40.  The People  Teddy Roosevelt, William Taft, Woodrow Wilson  The Problem  Corruption in government, lack of true democracy  The Solution  New regulations and laws

41.  Elections  Several close call elections, known voting scandals, misplaced ballots, over-voting, etc  Fix it so that it is fairer and more trustworthy  What we can thank the Progressives for:  Secret ballot  keeps your vote hidden  17 th amendment  voters elect their senators  Direct election  voters pick ‘primary’ candidates  3 new measures  initiative, referendum, recall

42.  Election Reforms  Initiative:  Voters think of a law and have the public vote on it  Referendum:  Citizens can vote on a passed law to keep or get rid of it  Recall:  Remove an elected official with a special election

43.  Roosevelt  Focused on conservation of American lands  Taft  Passed the 16 th amendment  Established the Income Tax  What type of progressive reform would this be?  Wilson  Has to spend most of his time looking abroad due to the Great War  Women’s Suffrage is granted under his presidency  What kind of progressive reform is this?

44.  The Progressives focused on changing the bad things that had happened during the industrial revolution and immigration. They did this by changing the social, governmental, and workplace aspects of life. Many of the reforms of the time still have an impact on us today. These people wanted to change the home front, but what was going on elsewhere… :)