1. 7.3 Making Foreign Policy

2. The President and Foreign Policy A nation ’ s overall plan for dealing with other nations is called its foreign policy the president directs the foreign policy of the United StatesA nation ’ s overall plan for dealing with other nations is called its foreign policy the president directs the foreign policy of the United States The primary goal of US foreign policy is national security, the ability to keep the country safe from attack or harmThe primary goal of US foreign policy is national security, the ability to keep the country safe from attack or harm

3. The President and Foreign Policy There are four main goals of US foreign policy:There are four main goals of US foreign policy: National SecurityNational Security International TradeInternational Trade Promoting World PeacePromoting World Peace Promote democracy and human rights around the worldPromote democracy and human rights around the world

4. The President and Foreign Policy The president works with a large foreign policy bureaucracy in the Executive Branch; includes the State Department, the Defense Department, the Central Intelligence Agency, and the National Security CouncilThe president works with a large foreign policy bureaucracy in the Executive Branch; includes the State Department, the Defense Department, the Central Intelligence Agency, and the National Security Council These agencies carry out presidential decisions around the world and give the president valuable informationThese agencies carry out presidential decisions around the world and give the president valuable information

5. Congress vs. The President The president is chief diplomat and commander in chief, but Congress has the power to declare war, to prohibit certain military actions, and to spend or withhold money for defenseThe president is chief diplomat and commander in chief, but Congress has the power to declare war, to prohibit certain military actions, and to spend or withhold money for defense

6. Treaties and Executive Agreements Formal agreements between the governments of two or more countries are called treatiesFormal agreements between the governments of two or more countries are called treaties

7. Treaties and Executive Agreements Some treaties are based on defense: nations become allies and agree to support each other in case of attackSome treaties are based on defense: nations become allies and agree to support each other in case of attack One of the most important is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO); this is a mutual defense treaty between the US, Canada, and nations in EuropeOne of the most important is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO); this is a mutual defense treaty between the US, Canada, and nations in Europe

8. Treaties and Executive Agreements The Senate must approve a treaty by a 2/3 vote but the President can bypass the Senate by making an Executive AgreementThe Senate must approve a treaty by a 2/3 vote but the President can bypass the Senate by making an Executive Agreement This is an agreement between the President and leader of another country, these usually deal with routine mattersThis is an agreement between the President and leader of another country, these usually deal with routine matters

9. Appoint Ambassadors An official representative of a country ’ s government is an ambassadorAn official representative of a country ’ s government is an ambassador The President appoints about 150 ambassadors who are approved by the Senate; they are only sent to countries where the US recognizes the legal existence of the governmentThe President appoints about 150 ambassadors who are approved by the Senate; they are only sent to countries where the US recognizes the legal existence of the government

10. Foreign Aid Money, food, military assistance, or other supplies given to help other countriesMoney, food, military assistance, or other supplies given to help other countries

11. Foreign Aid The best example in history of foreign aid was the Marshall Plan, a program to rebuild Western Europe after World War IIThe best example in history of foreign aid was the Marshall Plan, a program to rebuild Western Europe after World War II

12. International Trade The President can make agreements with other nations about what products may be traded and the rules for such trading; Sometimes trade measures can include trade sanctions or efforts to punish a nation by imposing trade barriersThe President can make agreements with other nations about what products may be traded and the rules for such trading; Sometimes trade measures can include trade sanctions or efforts to punish a nation by imposing trade barriers

13. International Trade Another punishing tool is the embargo where a nation prohibits trade with another nationAnother punishing tool is the embargo where a nation prohibits trade with another nation

14. International Trade Congress takes the lead in other areas, such as tariffs- taxes on imported goods- and membership in international trade groups, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the World Trade Organization (WTO)Congress takes the lead in other areas, such as tariffs- taxes on imported goods- and membership in international trade groups, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the World Trade Organization (WTO)

15. International Trade NAFTA- North American Free Trade AgreementNAFTA- North American Free Trade Agreement WTO- World Trade OrganizationWTO- World Trade Organization

16. Military Force Presidents may use the military to carry out some foreign policy decisions; numerous times in history presidents have sent troops even though Congress had not declared warPresidents may use the military to carry out some foreign policy decisions; numerous times in history presidents have sent troops even though Congress had not declared war