1. Look at the “COMPARING” Medieval and Renaissance Art” on page 267 List the similarities and differences between the two paintings How does the medieval example reflect social roles in feudal society? How does the Renaissance example reflect a changed view of humanity? Which artistic style seems more lifelike? WHY?

2. Candy to the group with best answers

3.  Feudalism brought order to Europe  The Renaissance rediscovered classical culture and led to new ways of thinking  Martin Luther started the Reformation which led to the spread of Protestantism

4.  Ideas were made more accessible to more people, because books could be produced relatively quickly and cheaply

5. Describe how new ideas produced changes throughout Europe Identify the reasons for Europe’s expanding power around the world Explain European efforts to unite after the war SPOILER ALERT: There will be several opportunities to win lottery tickets for the MPG Player. Have index cards available.

6. A major change in European thinking in the mid 1500’s that led to the questioning of old theories. Change came about in modern Europe through inventions, observation, inquiry and scientific discussion

7. A philosophical movement in the 1600’s and 1700’s that was characterized by the use of reason and scientific methods. Reason could be used to study both human behavior and the natural world. It moved people to question government and individual rights and inspired independence movements. John Locke – people had the rights to life, liberty, and property and it was government that was responsible to protect their rights – if not, people had the right to rebel

8. Enlightenment ideas (1789) inspired French citizens to challenge the monarchy and the privileges of the wealthiest classes. Louis XVI is beheaded and the “Reign of Terror” begins Napoleon seizes power in 1799 Napoleon revises the French judicial system Napoleon establishes a fairer set of laws called the Napoleonic Code Napoleon laid the foundation for modern France

9. How was France affected by the new ideas of the Enlightenment? (answer under 8 words) Two minutes to answer. I will collect your answers and randomly select ones to read aloud. The first one to have the best answer wins the lottery ticket

10. Pride in and loyalty to one’s nation European’s begin to see themselves as citizens of a nation, not a subject of a King. Push for democracy and self-government Nationalism was spread by the French Revolution By 1870’s western Europe had achieved self-government (for the most part)

11. The shift that began in Britain in the 1760’s from making goods by hand to making them by machine. Industrialization led to European nations to build empires Factories were built by rivers so they could be powered by water Steam powered machine factories come to cities People move from rural to urban for jobs Industrial Revolution gave rise to Imperialism

12. The practice of one country controlling the government and economy of another country or territory. Europe needed raw materials and new markets for their products.

13. CAUSES OF WWI One Thing Led to Another Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on 28 July 1914.declared war on Serbia Russia, bound by treaty to Serbia, announced mobilization of its vast army in her defense Germany, allied to Austria-Hungary by treaty, viewed the Russian mobilization as an act of war against Austria- Hungary, declared war on Russia on 1 August.declared war on Russia France, bound by treaty to Russia, found itself at war against Germany and, by extension, on Austria-Hungary following a German declaration on 3 August. Germany was swift in invading neutral Belgium so as to reach Paris by the shortest possible route.invading neutral Belgium Britain, allied to France by a more loosely worded treaty which placed a "moral obligation" upon her to defend France, declared war against Germany on 4 August. Her reason for entering the conflict lay in another direction: she was obligated to defend neutral Belgium by the terms of a 75-year old treaty. With Germany's invasion of Belgium on 4 August, and the Belgian King's appeal to Britain for assistance, Britain committed herself to Belgium's defence later that day. Like France, she was by extension also at war with Austria-Hungary.75-year old treatyBritain committed herself to Belgium's defence With Britain's entry into the war, her colonies and dominions abroad variously offered military and financial assistance, and included Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand and the Union of South Africa. United States President Woodrow Wilson declared a U.S. policy of absolute neutrality, an official stance that would last until 1917 when Germany's policy of unrestricted submarine warfare - which seriously threatened America's commercial shipping (which was in any event almost entirely directed towards the Allies led by Britain and France) - forced the U.S. to finally enter the war on 6 April 1917.declared a U.S. policy of absolute neutralityU.S. to finally enter the war Japan, honoring a military agreement with Britain, declared war on Germany on 23 August 1914. Two days later Austria-Hungary responded by declaring war on Japan.declared war on Germany Italy, although allied to both Germany and Austria-Hungary, was able to avoid entering the fray by citing a clause enabling it to evade its obligations to both. In short, Italy was committed to defend Germany and Austria-Hungary only in the event of a 'defensive' war; arguing that their actions were 'offensive' she declared instead a policy of neutrality. The following year, in May 1915, she finally joined the conflict by siding with the Allies against her two former allies.avoid entering the frayjoined the conflict

14. Causes of WWII The Treaty of Versailles after WWI solved nothing Reparations left many people in the victorious nations feeling guilty. The loss of all that land to other countries simply made Hitler's early aggression look justified. Self-determinationSelf-determination surrounded Germany by a lot of small nation states that fell easy prey to Germany. Most of all, the Treaty made the Germans angry, just waiting their chance for revenge.the Treaty made the Germans angry Appeasement encouraged aggression Appeasement encouraged war. It made Hitler think no one dare stop him, which encouraged him to go further and further until in the end he went too far.

15. IWorld War IWorld War II Also known as: The Great War,Second World War Abbreviation: WWIWWII Period and duration: 1914 to1918; 4 years1939 to 1945; 6 Years Conflict between: The Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey) and the Allied Powers (France, Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and (from 1917) the U.S.) The Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) and the Allied Powers (France, Britain, the U.S., the Soviet Union, and China) Nature of war: War between countries for acquiring colonies or territory or resources. War of ideologies, such as Fascism and Communism. Triggers and causes: Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria in June 1914 Political and economic instability in Germany. The harsh conditions of the Treaty of Versailles Rise of power of Adolf Hitler and his alliance with Italy and Japan to oppose the Soviet Union Methods of warfare: Fought from lines of trenches and supported by artillery and machine guns, infantry assault, early airplanes and poisonous gas. Mostly static in nature, mobility was minimal. Nuclear power and missiles were used, modern concepts of covert and special operations. Submarines and tanks were also more heavily used. Encryption codes for secret communication became more complex. Genocide: The Ottoman Empire (Turkey) carried out genocide of Armenians German Nazis committed genocide against Jews and gypsies Casualties: Estimated to be 10 million dead, 21 million wounded, and 7.7 million missing or imprisoned. More than 40 million men and women were serving in the armed forces by 1944, and civilian and military deaths exceeded 55 million. Outcome: The German, Russian, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires—were militarily and politically defeated. Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires ceased to exist. The League of Nations was formed in the hope of preventing another such conflict. The war ended with the total victory of the Allies over Germany and Japan in 1945. The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers. The United Nations was established to foster international cooperation and prevent conflicts.

16. What led to the start of Europe’s two world wars? WWI  Rise in nationalism and militarism  System of alliances  Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand WWII  Global economic depression  Hitler taking power promising to expand German territory  Germany’s invasion of Poland

17. To rebuild and prevent future wars

18. How were goods produced by the late 1700s in Europe? Describe how factories caused cities to grow? What led Europeans to establish overseas colonies? Three minutes to answer. I will collect your answers and randomly select ones to read aloud. The first one to have the best answer wins the lottery ticket

19. The systematic murder of Jews and other minorities by the Nazis during WWII

20. It formed the European Union

21. An organization of European nations whose members cooperate on economic, social, and political issues

22.  Enlightenment ideas sparked Europeans to challenge old traditions and replace governments  The Industrial Revolution changed how people worked and led to Imperialism  European nations have worked to former closer ties after two devastating wars