1. Martin Luther and the Reformation

2. By the 10 th century, Roman Catholic Church began to dominate N and W Europe. Many criticized it – thought it was about wealth and power

3. Spurred by political, social and economic forces, new movements arose! Priests and monks poorly educated Some broke vows by marrying Others drank or gambled

4. People wanted higher standards! John Wycliffe (England) – pushed church reform Taught the Bible held higher authority!

5. Martin Luther

6. Born in Germany in 1483. After surviving a storm, he vowed to become a monk – member of a religious order. Just wanted to be a good Christian

7. 95 Thesis Luther against Johann Tetzel Tetzel was selling indulgences – A pardon – against a sin. People believed by buying indulgences they could buy there way into Heaven 95 Thesis – formal statements against people who purchased

8. Words copied, sent to printing press Became known all over Germany Began the Reformation – Movement for religious reform People against the pope followed his words

9. Luther’s Teachings People could win salvation on by faith in God’s forgivness – good works a must! Church teachings should be based on that of the Bible only – not the pope All people with faith were equal!

10. Response to Luther Initially the church in Rome viewed Luther as a rebel Over time his ideas became very popular! 1520- Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther Emperor Charles V – also opposed Luther Summoned him to trial

11. Edict of Worms 1521 – Charles V banned the writings of Martin Luther Labeled him enemy of the state Was banned from food and shelter – all his books burned Was sheltered by a prince

12. Luther survived – his ideas turned into practice! Religion became Lutheran!

13. Protestant Began as many Christians belonging to non-Catholic churches Began with 3 ~ Lutheranism ~Anglicanism (English church) ~Calvinism

14. Roman Catholicism Pope is the head of the church Pope is the head of the church Salvation by faith and good works Salvation by faith and good works Priests interpret the Bible for people Priests interpret the Bible for people

15. Lutheranism Led by ministers Led by ministers Salvation by faith alone Salvation by faith alone Believers interpret Bible for themselves Believers interpret Bible for themselves

16. Calvinism Council of elders govern church Council of elders govern church Pre-determined Pre-determined Believers interpret Bible for themselves Believers interpret Bible for themselves Presbyterian Presbyterian

17. Charles V Went to war with Protestants Went to war with Protestants Won, but could not force people into Catholicism Won, but could not force people into Catholicism Peace of Augsburg – Ended the religious struggle between religions Peace of Augsburg – Ended the religious struggle between religions

18. England becomes Protestant Henry VIII – King of England in 1509 – devout Catholic Henry VIII – King of England in 1509 – devout Catholic Needed a son to take over! Needed a son to take over! Had a daughter Mary with his wife Catherine Had a daughter Mary with his wife Catherine Wanted a divorce – needed a boy! Wanted a divorce – needed a boy! Church law would not approve! Church law would not approve!

19. Pope could annul – setting aside the marriage if he could prove it was never legal Pope could annul – setting aside the marriage if he could prove it was never legal Pope said NO! Pope said NO! Henry mad – made laws to end pope’s power! Henry mad – made laws to end pope’s power!

20. 1533- Henry marries Anne Boleyn 1533- Henry marries Anne Boleyn Had a girl – Treason – beheaded Had a girl – Treason – beheaded Jane Seymour – third wife – had a son but she died soon after Jane Seymour – third wife – had a son but she died soon after Married 3 more times – produced no kids! Married 3 more times – produced no kids! Only son took over at age 9 (Edward) Only son took over at age 9 (Edward)

21. Mary (Catherine’s daughter) Advisors to Edward devout Protestants – He ruled 6 years only. Ill. Advisors to Edward devout Protestants – He ruled 6 years only. Ill. Mary took over now – devout Catholic Mary took over now – devout Catholic Returned the English church to pope rule Returned the English church to pope rule Had many Protestants killed Had many Protestants killed

22. Elizabeth Mary dies – Anne Boleyn’s daughter assumes throne Mary dies – Anne Boleyn’s daughter assumes throne Wants Protestantism to come back! Wants Protestantism to come back! Set up the Church of England – Anglican Church Set up the Church of England – Anglican Church Only church in England Only church in England Both Catholics and Protestants could accept Both Catholics and Protestants could accept Changed things so many would accept it! Changed things so many would accept it!

23. 1559 Brought peace to England! Brought peace to England!

24. John Calvin As much influence as Luther had As much influence as Luther had Wrote a book about God, salvation and human nature Wrote a book about God, salvation and human nature Stated people are sinful by nature Stated people are sinful by nature Went on to say God choses very few to save – “elect” Went on to say God choses very few to save – “elect” “Predestination” “Predestination” Calvinism Calvinism Believed ideal government was theocracy Believed ideal government was theocracy

25. John Knox Put Calvin’s ideas to work Put Calvin’s ideas to work Followers became Presbyterians Followers became Presbyterians 1560’s both religions became official 1560’s both religions became official France – Calvin followers called “Huguenots” France – Calvin followers called “Huguenots”

26. Anabaptists Another religion Another religion Most baptized when they are old enough to decide to be Christian Most baptized when they are old enough to decide to be Christian Both Catholics and Protestants felt threatened by them Both Catholics and Protestants felt threatened by them Mennonites and Amish today Mennonites and Amish today

27. Catholic Reformation Protestant grew but many held true to Catholicism Protestant grew but many held true to Catholicism Catholic Reformation – known as the “Counter Reformation” – new reform Catholic Reformation – known as the “Counter Reformation” – new reform

28. Jesuits Followers of Jesus – A religious order Followers of Jesus – A religious order  Created schools  Convert non-Christians to Catholicism  Stop the spread of Protestantism - missionaries

29. Council of Trent Two popes led the reform – Pope Paul III Two popes led the reform – Pope Paul III 1.Had councils investigate indulgences 2.Approved the Jesuit order 3.Used Inquisition to seek out heresy 4.Called a council of church leaders