1. ECONOMY FROM 1800-1860

2. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION  Slow to come to America Need for land, labor, capital, consumers  Samuel Slater-”Father of the factory system”  Eli Whitney-cotton gin & interchangeable parts  Textile Industry Headquarters in Lowell, Massachusetts “Factory girls”  Single farm girls  Put in corporate boarding houses  Held to very high morals and expectations

3. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

4.  1834-Mower-Reaper Cyrus McCormick  1837-Steel Plow John Deere  1844-Telegraph Samuel Morse  1846-Sewing Machine Isaac Singer

5. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

6. IMMIGRATION  “Old Immigration”  Western Europe Irish & Germans  Settled Irish-in cities (NY & Boston), worked in factories & on railroad Germans-moved west (Wisconsin), farmed  “Political Machines” Wooed & helped new immigrants in exchange for vote Most famous-”Boss Tweed”, NY Captured in political cartoons by Thomas Nast

7. IMMIGRATION

8.  “Nativism” Fear & dislike of immigrants  1849-American “Know Nothing” Party Restrictions on immigration Deportation of poor

9. IMMIGRATION

10. TRANSPORTATION  Roads 1790s-first paved roads Invention of “turnpike” 1852-First national road from Maryland to Illinois  Waterways 1807-Steamboat invented-Robert Fulton 1825-Erie Canal 1840s-Clipper ships-international trading Mostly helped the west and south to trade goods and bring in manufactured goods

11. TRANSPORTATION

12.  Railroads Most significant contribution to economy Better than water ways  Fast & reliable  Cheaper to construct  Did not freeze in winter 1828-first railroad By 1860-30,000 miles of track 75 % in the North 1833-passenger travel becomes popular 1859-Pullman’s “sleeping palace”

13. TRANSPORTATION

14.  1858-Stagecoaches available for western travel-Missouri to California

15. COMMUNICATION  1860-Pony Express-mail delivery, Missouri to California in 10 days  1861-Telegraph wires spread west  1866-Telegraph wire crossed Atlantic Ocean to permanently link America & Europe