1. Comparing Asian Governments

2. China
Unitary communist gov sys
Oligarchy because only 1 group, Communist Party of China, has control of the gov
gov has 3 branches, however, there is no true separation of powers
Officially called The People’s Republic of China

3. Remember that a republic is: a state in which the supreme power rests in the body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by representatives chosen directly or indirectly by them

4. Is China a republic?

5. Executive
president and vice president elected by National People's Congress for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held March 2008 (next to be held in mid-March 2013); premier nominated by president, confirmed by National People's Congress

6. Executive Branch
Consists of president, vice-president, premier, vice-premier & State Council
Pres is the chief of state & represents China in international world & is selected by Communist Party

7. Executive Branch
Premier is head of the gov (similar to a prime minister) & is chosen by Communist Party

8. Legislative Branch
Composed of members of the National People’s Congress
Members choose pres & vp & review laws sent from executive branch
All members are of the Communist Party & are elected by local councils
The National People’s Congress meets only 14 days a yr

9. Legislative Branch
Because National People’s Congress only meets 14 days a yr, Politburo runs the country the rest of the yr
Politburo is composed of the leaders of the Communist Party of China
General Secretary of Communist Party heads the Politburo & is in command of the army

10. Judicial Branch Composed of Supreme People’s Court
Not independent of executive branch
Cannot challenge actions of legislative or executive branch
Members of court make sure the people of China follow the Communist Party’s policies.

11. The Communist Party Controls gov Sets policies enforced by central gov
Members are any Chinese person who is at least 18 yrs old, accepts the party’s beliefs & constitution, is willing to carry out its decisions & pays dues

12. Citizen Participation
Citizens 18 & older can vote, but have very limited power
Elections feature only candidates selected by Communist Party
Many of the international community accuse China of violating citizen’s human rights by not allowing them to choose their own leaders or have influence on the nation’s laws

13. Do they have a constitution?
most recent promulgation 4 December 1982

14. Segment of Preamble
China is a country with one of the longest histories in the world. The people of all of China's nationalities have jointly created a culture of grandeur and have a glorious revolutionary tradition. After 1840, feudal China was gradually turned into a semi-colonial and semi- feudal country.

15. Do they have personal freedom?
Citizens today have much greater freedom of control over their daily lives
including the freedom to choose their jobs, to marry whom they wish, to dress as they wish, to own a car and a house, and to travel
freer to express themselves to each other, & even to criticize the government, as long as the criticism is done in private & not publicly in the media or on the Internet.

16. Republic of India They call themselves a federal republic
Definition: a form of government made up of a federal state with a constitution & self-governing subunits
Example:   The United States of America is a federal republic

17. Government System A federal parliamentary democratic republic
Citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf
Central or national gov has 3 branches
Executive
Legislative
Judicial

18. Executive Branch
Composed of president, vice president prime minister & Council of Ministers
Pres is chief of state, appoints state governors, members of Council of Ministers & pm
Most of pres’s duties are ceremonial

19. Executive Branch PM is head of the gov & is India’s top gov official
leader of political party that receives the most votes becomes PM
PM is head of both legislative & executive branches

20. Legislative Branch Called Federal Parliament
Members of parliament are elected by people of India & creates laws
President & vp both elected by members parliament

21. Judicial Branch Composed of Supreme Court
26 judges: 1 of those judges is known as Chief Justice
make sure members of legislative & executive follow constitution
appointed by pres at recommendation of pm

22. Indian States 28 states each has a governor appointed by Pres
governors are chief executive of each state
Each state also has a parliament elected by residents of that state
national gov has power over state’s gov

23. Are they a republic?

24. Citizen Participation
citizens 18 & older can vote in both national & local elections
numerous political parties based on religious, caste, & language affiliation

25. Do they have a constitution?
26 January 1950

26. Preamble
Resolved to constitute India into a sovereign socialist secular democratic republic and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the [unity and integrity of the Nation]; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

27. Do they have personal freedoms?
Words in Preamble:
Justice Liberty
Equality

28. Japan
They consider themselves a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government
A monarchy in which the powers of the ruler are restricted to those granted under the constitution and laws of the nation

29. Government System
Also a unitary sys of gov in which central gov has all power
Citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf
central or national gov has 3 branches
Executive
Legislative
Judicial

30. Citizen Participation
citizens 20 & older can vote
People vote for leaders using secret ballots
Voter turnout is low in elections
Picture from Japan’s first democratic election

31. Executive Branch Composed of emperor, prime minister, & cabinet
emperor is chief of state & doesn’t have any real political power
emperor acts as a representative of Japanese people
Meeting with the Prime Minister of Canada

32. Executive Branch pm is head of gov & top gov official
leader of political party that receives most votes becomes pm
pm also appoints cabinet, which are advisors

33. Legislative Branch Called the Diet & creates laws
Members of parliament are elected by people
pm is selected by members of Diet

34. Judicial Branch composed of Supreme Court
15 judges make up Court-1 of those is Chief Justice
make sure members of legislative & executive branches are following constitution

35. Japanese Prefectures 47 governed districts or prefectures
Leaders of each are elected by popular vote & is responsible for people
central gov has power over local governments (prefectures)

36. Constitution
3 May 1947

37. Preface to Constitution
We, the Japanese people, acting through our duly elected representatives in the National Diet, determined that we shall secure for ourselves and our posterity the fruits of peaceful cooperation with all nations and the blessings of liberty throughout this land, and resolved that never again shall we be visited with the horrors of war through the action of government, do proclaim that sovereign power resides with the people and do firmly establish this Constitution.

38. Do they have personal freedoms?
Article 11:
The people shall not be prevented from enjoying any of the fundamental human rights. These fundamental human rights guaranteed to the people by this Constitution shall be conferred upon the people of this and future generations as eternal and inviolate rights.

39. Article 13
All of the people shall be respected as individuals. Their right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness shall, to the extent that it does not interfere with the public welfare, be the supreme consideration in legislation and in other governmental affairs.

40. Article 14
All of the people are equal under the law and there shall be no discrimination in political, economic or social relations because of race, creed, sex, social status or family origin. 2) Peers and peerage shall not be recognized. 3) No privilege shall accompany any award of honor, decoration or any distinction, nor shall any such award be valid beyond the lifetime of the individual who now holds or hereafter may receive it.

41. Questions How are the 3 governments similar?
How are the 3 governments different?
Which are democracies?