1. HC #2: Challenging Jim Crow Civil Unrest
Objective… Summarize the incidents of civil disobedience that challenged segregation and the federal governments reaction to the fight against desegregation.

2. MLK’s background… PHD- Boston U.- Theology 1957 - Founder of SCLC
Philosophy: Nonviolent
Civil disobedience
Nobel Prize in 1968
Assassinated April, 1968

3. Civil disobedience… Historically used to rebel against unfair laws.
Protests are confrontational, but non-violent
The influence of Walter Rauschenbusch on King…
The influence of Gandhi on King…

4. SCLC Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Organized black churches to conduct nonviolent protests in order to obtain civil rights reform.
Dr. MLK leading local CRs workers in a prayer

5. Montgomery, Ala. 1955 Rosa Parks refuses to give up her bus seat
Fingerprinting Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks going to jail
Montgomery, Ala. 1955
Rosa Parks refuses to give up her bus seat

6. Arrest record…
Edgar Daniel "E.D." Nixon -Leader of the MIA -Encourages Rosa Parks to fight the arrest

7. Dr. MLK - Spokesperson Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott
“We are here this evening for serious business …. we are determined to apply our citizenship to the fullest of its means.”
- MLK
The principles of the boycott…
- Non-violence - Christian love - Unity
Dr. MLK - Spokesperson Montgomery Bus Boycott

8. MLK & Abernathy being booked by Montgomery, ALA police
MLK & Abernathy being booked by Montgomery, ALA police. The civil rights leaders had been indicted for their roles in the MBB. King & Abernathy's homes were firebombed during the boycott.

9. The Montgomery Bus Boycott
Lasts 381 days
Effects 42,000 African Americans
Montgomery Improvement Assoc. (MIA) coordinates 20K rides per day for ride
MLK & E.D. Nixon arrested and found guilty of “hindering business”
Empty buses…Bus revenue drops by 67%

11. The Supreme Court ruled busing segregation illegal Dec, 1956

12. Significance of the MBB…
MLK becomes a national figure
Gave the CR movement momentum
The SCLC is founded & galvanizes the non-violence tactic
The Rosa Parks bus at the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Mich.

13. The Little Rock Crisis (1957)
“I had thought - we'd all thought - that once we got the Brown case, the thing was going to be over. You see, we were always looking for the one case to end all of it.” -Thurgood Marshall, 1977

14. The Little Rock Crisis (1957)
A Federal judge orders LR schools to desegregation
LR school board complies
Gov. Faubus defied the order
DDE federalizes AK National Guard
Sends in the 101st Airborne to enforce the law

15. DDE meets with Arkansas Gov. Faubus, Sept., 1957

16. The Little Rock Nine

17. 1960-1961: Sit-Ins Greensboro, Nashville, Atlanta
CORE & SNCC
Sit- in segregated diners in the South… Activism
Refuse to leave until served…hurts business profit…. Powerful method of protest.
The Greensboro Four

19. SNCC (pronounced Snick) Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee...
1960 – Black college students
Youth branch SCLC - Gives Black youth a voice in CRs
More militant
SNCC activist strategies…
- Direct confrontation
- Mass action
- Civil disobedience

20. SNCC membership posters for SNCC…