1. An Introduction to the Scientific Method The Lead Balloon Challenge

2. To-Do  Have your science safety contract out on your desk.  Compare and discuss your Greatest Invention HW with the people at your table (1 minute each) ~ 5 minutes  Grab a handout from the side counter, cut it in half, and paste both sections on separate pages of your INDEX tab in your journal.  Answer the following lab safety questions in your journal (To-Do Tab): 1. If you don’t understand directions or how to use a piece of equipment, what should you do? 2. When is it appropriate to wear safety glasses? 3. If you want to perform an experiment that is not in the original directions for the lab, what should you do? 4. As shared leaders in a lab, how do you make sure that this contract is honored? 5. How many “horseplay” re-directs do I get in a lab setting? 6. In the case of an emergency what is the #1 most important thing you can do? 7. If the bowling ball and the golf ball on the front table rolled off at the same time, which one would hit the ground first?

3. Galileo Galilei  Galileo was born in Pisa Italy in 1564 (the same year that William Shakespeare was born and the same year Michelangelo died). He is known as the ‘Father of Modern Science’. He was famous for his work with astronomy, physics, philosophy and mathematics. He made improvements to the telescope and was one of the first people to use the scientific method to test theories. The idea of testing and experimenting to prove or disprove a theory was revolutionary during Galileo’s time.  Galileo’s innovative way of thinking led him to disprove some of the beliefs of ancient Greek philosophers, like Aristotle. He also published work that helped prove Copernicus’ Heliocentric Theory. The Catholic Church condemned his theory calling it “false and contrary to scripture.” Galileo was shunned by the church and was forced to spend the rest of his life under house arrest.

4. Galileo’s Law of Falling Bodies Pisa, Italy, December 1612: A new test of an old idea about motion. In ancient Greek times Aristotle observed and claimed that heavier bodies fall faster than small light ones of the same material. “A mass of gold or lead, or of any other body endowed with weight is quicker to fall in proportion to it’s size.” ~Aristotle In Pisa Italy, Galileo also conducted experiments with falling objects. As legend has it, he dropped two objects of different mass off of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The objects fell at the same speed hitting the ground at the same time. The results of his experiment contradicted Aristotle’s theories and led him to publish the ‘Law of Falling Bodies’

5. Key Question… If Galileo’s publications are true and if every group gets the same supplies with the same mass and the same size balloon, then is it possible for anybody to win this challenge or will everyone just tie? If you think it’s possible to win this challenge and not just tie, then what could you do to change the rate that your balloon falls? What do scientists do to test theories like this?

6. Dependent vs. Independent Variables  Independent Variable- what you choose to change intentionally  Graphed on X axis  Dependent Variable- depends/changes because of the Independent Variable. (what you measure and observe) (what you measure and observe)  Graphed on Y axis  YOU CAN ONLY CHANGE 1 VARIABLE AT A TIME IN AN EXPERIMENT!!!

7. Lead Balloon Challenge Objective: To design a balloon that will drop from the 2nd floor balcony to the 1st floor the fastest. Materials: 1 Balloon (inflated to the balloon-sizer standard) 2 sheets of paper 1 meter of masking tape

8. Lead Balloon Challenge Procedure: 1.Design and draw your balloon with your group in your science journal (get creative). Then once your design is approved…build it! 2.Test the drop speed of your balloon. 3.Record the drop time and analyze the performance of your balloon (the faster it drops, the better). 4.Revise your design based on your data and observations. 5.Test the drop speed of your balloon again to optimize your balloon’s performance.

9. Journal Requirements Lead Balloon Challenge Materials 1. 2. 3. Objective: Initial Time = ______ Initial Balloon Design

10. Journal Requirements Lead Balloon Challenge Part 2 Analysis Questions 1. 2. 3. Final Time = ______ Final Balloon Design

11. Lead Balloon Challenge Your lab write-up: This should go in your journal below your final design Answer using complete sentences! 1.What was the independent variable in this challenge? (thing we changed) 2.What was the dependent variable in this challenge? (thing we measured) 3.Compare and contrast your initial design with your final design. What did you change and why? 4.Write some of the observations you made based on the initial balloon drop tests. 5.Write two inferences about balloon flight that you discovered based on your observations. 6.What things effect the flight of a falling object? 7.Compare how this activity relates to using the scientific method to solve a problem.

12. Card Tricks! Can a deck of cards help us understand the scientific method?

13. The Scientific Method 1.State the Problem/Purpose 2.Background Research (optional) 3.Formulate a Hypothesis 4.Perform an Experiment or Test 5.Collect and Analyze Data 6.State a Conclusion or results

14. The Scientific Method in Action

15. Inquiry Wheel Scientific Method Revised…

16. State the Problem/Purpose What is your goal? What idea are you trying to test? What is the scientific question you are trying to answer?

17. Formulate a Hypothesis Formulate an educated guess to explain the problem. Make a prediction regarding the outcome of your experiment. State the results you are predicting in measurable terms. WHAT and WHY

18. How to Perform an Experiment or Test Give a detailed explanation of how you will conduct the experiment to test your hypothesis. This is called a procedure. Be clear about the variables (elements of the experiment that change to test your hypothesis) versus your controls (elements of the experiment that do not change). Be very specific about how you will measure results to prove or disprove your hypothesis. You should include a regular timetable for measuring results or observing the projects (for example, every hour, every day, every week).

19. Collect and Analyze Data Make detailed observations throughout your experiment Record all important data that is collected Make graphs, tables, and charts to organize and analyze results Ask yourself: What does this data tell me about my problem?

20. State a Conclusion Answer your problem/purpose statement. What did your experiment prove? Explain your data and results. Why did the results occur? Was your hypothesis correct? What did you learn from your experiment?