3.  Literal meaning – population – “the whole number of people or inhabitants in a country or region ” – Literal meaning – population explosion – “a pyramiding of numbers of a biological population”.  The population change is calculated by the formula: Population change = (Births + Immigration) – (Deaths + Emigration).  Recent increase – world population – caused due to the following major reasons:  Increase – birth rates – Medical improvements  Decrease – death rates – better medical facilities – advancements – field of medicine.  Immigration – better developed countries – better job opportunities – war – natural causes – Hurricanes, earthquakes.

4.  Population growth – symptoms – rather than – cause of poverty – resources depletion – pollution – other social evils.  Year 2000 – world population – 6.3 billion – predicted to grow – 4 times – next 100 years.  Population growth rate – continues – this rate – INDIA – most populous country.  After – 60 years – independence – still – poverty – unemployment – illiteracy – reason – over population.  Human Development Index(HDI)– measures – human development – 3 parameters – life expectancy –literacy – standard of living.  Above mentioned index – over populated countries stood far away than less populated countries.

6. 1,129,866,154 (2007) 1,129,866,154 (2007) 1,129,866,154 (2007) 1,129,866,154 (2007) A CENSUS OF THE WORLD POPULATION THE PRESENT POPULATION IN INDIA IS 1,129,866,154

11. 1. Birth Rate: i. Poverty ii. Religious beliefs, Traditions and Cultural Norms 2. Death Rate 3. Migration

12. POVERTY PLEASE DON’T DO THIS TO MY FUTURE GENEARTION

13.  POVERTY:  India currently faces approximately “… 33 births a minute, 2,000 an hour, 48,000 a day, which calculates to nearly 12 million a year”.  The current rate of population growth in India is 1.58% and the total fertility rate is 3.11  Unfortunately, the resources do not increase as the population increases. Instead the resources keep decreasing, leading to making survival for a human being more and more competitive even for the basic necessities of life like food, clothing and shelter.  “More than 300 million Indians earn less than RS.50/- everyday and about 130 million people are jobless.”  As the poverty and the population both increase, the development of the country and the society seems even more far-fetched.

15. TRY FINDING ME

17.  Religious beliefs, Traditions and Cultural Norms:  In Islam, one of the leading religions of India, children are considered to be gifts of God, and so the more children a woman has, the more she is respected in her family and society.  A lot of families prefer having a son rather than a daughter. As a result, a lot of families have more children than they actually want or can afford, resulting in increased poverty, lack of resources, and most importantly, an increased population.  India’s cultural norms is for a girl to get married at an early age. In most of the rural areas and in some urban areas as well, families prefer to get their girls married at the age of 14 or 15.

18. WILL MY PREDICTION BE TRUE…….

19. oToThe crude death rate in India in 1981 was approximately 12.5, and that decreased to approximately 8.7 in 1999. Also, the infant mortality rate in India decreased from 129 in 1981 to approximately 72 in 1999. oToThe average life expectancy of people in India has increased from 52.9 in 1975-80 to 62.4 in 1995-00.

21.  The migration in India currently is –0.08 migrants per 1000 population, and is decreasing further.  People from neighbouring countries like Bangladesh, Pakistan and Nepal, migrate to India; at the same time Indians migrate to other countries like the U.S., Australia, and the U.K.  However, in India, immigration plays a very small role in the population change.  During the 1971 war between India and Pakistan over Bangladesh, the immigration rate increased tremendously.

24. 1. AIR POLLUTION 2. WATER POLLUTION 3. UNEMPLOYMENT AND ILLITERACY 4. FOOD RESOURCES

25.  Fossil fuels(World’s major source of energy) – Burnt - Gases into atmosphere.  Deadly impact on National Heritage  Air borne diseases:  Respiratory diseases  Asthma  Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases  Cardiovascular diseases  Cancer of the lung

26. IS IT OUR WORLD

28. 1) Delhi - one of the world’s most polluted cities - In 1999, the average total suspended particulate (TSP) level was 378 micrograms per cubic meter – approximately five times the WHO’s annual average standard. 2) Taj mahal – sulfur dioxide – neighboring industries – mixes with atmospheric moisture to form sulfuric acid – settles on surface of the tomb – making smooth white marble yellow and flaky- and forming subtle fungus named “marble cancer”. 3) Green house effect :- 20 Celsius – increase in mean temperature – decreases rice yield by 0.75 ton/hectare – Punjab, Haryana, U.P. – also – wheat production – fall as much as 68%.

29. PAST PRESENT

30. o Water pollution – one of the increasing problems due to population explosion. o Water – essence of life. Famous quote:“There is no life without water”. o Nearly 10% - World’s population – faces chronic freshwater shortage. o Three sides – Indian subcontinent – surrounded by water – but less than 3% – for human consumption and industrial use.

31. THIS IS NOT PURE

33. 1) Ganga river – considered scared and incorruptible – pople bathe for spiritual renewal – but don’t realize that they are washing of there wastes and leading to polluting the holy water – also dump cremated and partially cremated bodies – including these factories and human colonies dump sewage directly – studies tell that more than 25,000 small scale industries in one state share the river and dispose the waste. 2) Gomti river – In U.P – sewage containing excrete of about 3 million people from 34 sewage pipes – being released in 8 km from Gaughat to Hanuman setu in Lucknow.

35. RIVER BAGMATI

36.  In 1972-73 – unemployment rates – rural areas – 1.2 for males and 0.5 for females – urban areas – 4.8 for males and 6.0 for females – rose to 2.3 for males and 1.5 for females in rural areas – 4.9 for males and 8.2 for females in urban areas in 1998-99.  Increase in population – increases unemployment rate – educated people sit at home – due to this reason – people migrate – search of jobs.  Unemployment and underemployment – leads corruption – exploitation of people by the rich.  Lack of resources – leads lack of education resources – leads illiteracy.  “About 32 million school-age children, mostly girls or those from the poorest households and disadvantaged groups, are not in school”  “Nearly half the population over 15years old and about 60 percent of all women are illiterate.”

37. I AM WAITING TOO LONG!

39. CountryAdult Literacy RateYouth Literacy Rate CHINA90.998.9 INDIA61.373.3 NEPAL44.062.7 Pakistan41.553.9 Sri Lanka92.197.0 Bangladesh41.149.7

41. Over Population Unemployment /Illiteracy Poverty Produce more children

42.  Resources – always limited.  “More than half of all children under the age of four are malnourished 30% of newborns are significantly underweight, and 60% of women are anaemic.”  India spends – Rs.4800 billion each year – on malnutrition – still cannot provide – everyday nutritional requirements to everybody.  Still several children in streets of Kolkata and Delhi fight for a small piece of bread that they find in a dumpster – shocking ha – this is the daily routine for many people – the only way to survive.  Population – increases at this rate – future India – what we see today in streets.

44. DO WE HAVE THE RIGHT FOR FOOD?

46.  India – organizing several programs – for limiting population increase – millions of dollars – controlling the birth rate.  Some programs – successful – rate has also reduced – but still to reach the sustainable rate.  Major factors – rapidly increasing birth rate – decreasing death rates.  Follow strict birth control measures – decrease the birth rate – but cannot decrease – technological advancements to decrease the death rate.  Government-funded agencies – Family Planning Association of India – spend hundreds of thousands of dollars on promoting family planning.  Aim – promote family planning – as basic human right – norm of a two- child family on a voluntary basis – achieve a balance between the population size and resources – prepare young people for responsible attitudes – provide education – The family planning methods – vasectomy, tubectomy, IUD, conventional contraceptives and oral pills.  However – the success of family planning program – depends on – literacy, religion and region where the couple live.

48.  Success of family planning – depends on women – need to be educated – to decide – number of children – aware of available family planning programs.  Need to know – impacts on having more children – on them and on children – older women – teach the younger ones of family planning.  But in India – educating women – very difficult – due to – family problems – religious and social norms.  As told before – in Islam – children are considered – gift of god – don’t believe – birth control measures.  In Catholics – abortion – considered a sin – don’t follow family planning.  Most population – rural areas – family planning – not advertised – also religious and social norms – more in rural areas – as a result – above mentioned problems – more intense – in addition – lack of family planning facilities.

52.  Considering above factors – success of family planning depends – many factors – making more complex than usual.  Fact – birth control – extremely important – improve life – future generation – in terms of – availability of resources – a clean world.  Start by – educating women – in basics of family planning – can be done – one educated person – take into stride – teach one other person – “Each one, Teach one.”  Population increase – leads back to stone age – advancement of technology is useless.  I want my future generations:  Have facilities readily available.  Live in India and cherish it’s beauty, rich culture, that we Indians are proud of it.  See the world as it was meant to be, and not what we have made it into.