1. GERUND
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2. What is a gerund? Definition:
A gerund is a verbal that ends in –ing and functions in a sentence as a noun.
smoking
writing
swimming
staying
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3. FORMS OF GERUND
verb + ing
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4. HOW TO USE GERUND
A gerund functions as a noun, it occupies some positions in a sentence that a noun ordinary would, for example:
Subject
Direct object
Subject complement
Object of preposition.
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5. Travelling might satisfy your desire for new experiences.
1) Gerund as subject
Travelling might satisfy your desire for new experiences.
2) Gerund as direct object
They do not appreciate my singing.
3) Gerund as subject complement
My cat’s favourite activity is speeping.
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6. 4) Gerund as object of preposition
The police arrested him for speeding.
5) Gerund after verb patterns
admit ,avoid, carry on, consider, delay
deny, dislike, can’t help, enjoy, finish
give up, imagine, include, involve
justify, keep, mention, mind, practise…
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7. 6) Gerund after special phrases to be busy, couldn’t help, don’t mind
feel like, how ahout, it is no good
it is no use, spend on time, there is no
there is no point, what about, worth…..
There is no point complaining further.
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8. 7) Gerund after preposition After having a shower, I waited for Palin.
8) Gerund in passive
We often use a gerund after the verbs:
need, require,and want. In this case,the gerund has a passive sence:
I have three shirts that need washing.
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9. GERUND PHRASE
GERUND PHRASE
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10. What is a gerund phrase? Definition:
A gerund phrase is a group of words consisting of a gerund and the modifiers and or pronoun, noun phrase that functions as the direct object, indirect object, or complement of the action or state expressed in the gerund.
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11. FORMS OF GERUND PHRASE Gerund+ direct object
Gerund+ direct object + pre- phrase
Gerund+ direct obj + to in-phrase(adv)
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12. HOW TO USE GERUND PHRASE
Subject
Direct object
Subject complement
Object of preposition ( for)
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13. Examples Finding a good teacher needs time.
I hope that you appreciate my offering you this opportunity.
Obama’s strategy has been lying to his supporters.
You might get in trouble for taking an illness to avoid work.
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