2. Types of Reactions Single & Double Displacement

3. Types: Single displacement Example: Zn + CuCl 2  Zn Cl Cu + General: AB + C  AC + B Cl Zn Cu +

4. Single Displacement Reactions: A variety of predictions can be made based on the activity series of metals: potassium (K)most reactivenever found form stable sodium (Na) calcium (Ca)“free” in nature compounds magnesium (Mg) aluminum (Al) zinc (Zn) iron (Fe) nickel (Ni) tin (Sn) lead (Pb) hydrogen (H) copper (Cu) mercury (Hg) silver (Ag) platinum (Pt)found “free” form unstable gold (Au) least reactivein nature compounds

5. The activity series ranks the relative reactivity of metals. It allows us to predict if certain chemicals will undergo single displacement reactions when mixed: metals near the top are most reactive and will displacing metals near the bottom. Q: Which of these will react? Fe+ CuSO 4  Ni+ NaCl  Li+ ZnCO 3  Al+ CuCl 2  Cu + Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Yes, Fe is above Cu NR (no reaction) No, Ni is below Na Zn + Li 2 CO 3 Cu + AlCl 3 Yes, Al is above Cu K Na Li Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Au Yes, Li is above Zn

6. a. Metal + Acid/Water: Any metal above hydrogen in the activity series will displace hydrogen gas from an acid or water (although sometimes heat must be applied to increase the reaction rate to the point where the reaction is noticeable) Examples: 1. Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq)  ZnCl 2 (aq) + H 2 (g) 2. Cu(s) + HCl(aq)  no reaction 3. Cu(s) + H 2 O(l)  no reaction

7. More Practice Q: will Mg react with H 2 O? K Na Li Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Au cold H 2 O hot H 2 O steam acid NR A: No for cold, yes if it is hot/steam Mg + H 2 O  H 2 + ZnCl 2 Complete these reactions: Al + H 2 O(steam)  Cu + H 2 O  Ca+ H 2 SO 4  Na+H 2 O  H 2 + Mg(OH) 2 H 2 + Al(OH) 3 H 2 + CaSO 4 H 2 + NaOH Q: Zn + HCl 

8. b. Metal + Metallic Compound(aq): A metal will displace from a compound (in solution) any other metal which is located below it in the activity series of metals. Examples: 1. Mg(s) + ZnI 2 (aq)  MgI 2 (aq) + Zn(s) 2.Ni(s) + ZnI 2 (aq)  no reaction

9. A variety of predictions can also be made based on the activity series of nonmetals: fluorine (F) most reactivenever foundform stable Chlorine (Cl)“free” in naturecompounds bromine (Br) oxygen (O) iodine (I)found “free” form unstable sulphur (S) least reactivein nature compounds A nonmetallic element will displace from a compound (in solution) any nonmetal that is located below it in the activity series of nonmetals. Examples: 1. F 2 (g) + 2NaBr(aq)  2NaF(aq) + Br 2 (aq) 2. I 2 (s) + NaBr(aq)  no reaction

10. Types: Double displacement Example: MgO + CaS General:AB + CD  AD + CB S O  Mg Ca + O S Mg Ca +

11. Double Replacement Reactions Double Replacement Reactions occur when a metal replaces a metal in a compound and a nonmetal replaces a nonmetal in a compound Compound + compound  product + product AB + CD  AD + CB

12. Double Replacement Reactions Think about it like “foil”ing in algebra, first and last ions go together + inside ions go together Example: AgNO 3(aq) + NaCl (s)  AgCl (s) + NaNO 3(aq) Another example: K 2 SO 4(aq) + Ba(NO 3 ) 2(aq)  KNO 3(aq) + BaSO 4(s)

13. Practice Predict the products. 1.HCl (aq) + AgNO 3(aq)  2.CaCl 2(aq) + Na 3 PO 4(aq)  3.Pb(NO 3 ) 2(aq) + BaCl 2(aq)  4.FeCl 3(aq) + NaOH (aq)  5.H 2 SO 4(aq) + NaOH (aq)  6.KOH (aq) + CuSO 4(aq)  AgCl (aq) + HNO 3(aq) Ca 3 PO 4 (aq) + NaCl (aq) PbCl 2(aq) + Ba(NO 3 ) 2(aq) Fe(OH) 3(aq) + NaCl (aq) H 2 O (aq) + Na 2 SO 4(aq) K 2 SO 4 (aq) + Cu(OH) 2(aq)