1. REACTANTS: ZN + I 2 PRODUCT: ZN I 2

2. A process in which at least one new substance is produced as a result of chemical change

3. SYMBOLS USED IN EQUATIONS  Solid ___  Liquid (l)  Gas ___  Aqueous solution (aq)  Catalyst H 2 SO 4  Escaping gas (  )  Change of temperature (  )

4.  Hydrogen H 2  Oxygen O 2  Nitrogen N 2  Fluorine F 2  Chlorine Cl 2  Bromine Br 2  Iodine I 2 I Have No Bright Or Clever Friends

5. Synthesis reactions occur when two substances (generally elements) combine and form a compound. (Sometimes these are called combination or addition reactions.) reactant + reactant  1 product GENERAL FORM : A + B  AB Example: 2H 2 + O 2  2H 2 O Example: C + O 2  CO 2 CC

6. Here is another example of a synthesis reaction

7. Predict the products. Write and balance the following synthesis reaction equations. Sodium metal reacts with chlorine gas Na (s) + Cl 2(g)  Solid Magnesium reacts with fluorine gas Mg (s) + F 2(g)  Aluminum metal reacts with fluorine gas Al (s) + F 2(g) 

8. Practice Synthesis ANSWERS  1. NaCl 2  2. MgF 2  3. AlF 2

9. Decomposition reactions occur when a compound breaks up into the elements or in a few to simpler compounds 1 Reactant  Product + Product General Form: AB  A + B Example: 2 H 2 O  2H 2 + O 2 Example: 2 HgO  2Hg + O 2

11.  Another view of a decomposition reaction

12. Predict the products. Then, write and balance the following decomposition reaction equations: Solid Lead (IV) oxide decomposes PbO 2(s)  Aluminum nitride decomposes AlN (s) 

13. Practice Decomposition Answers  1. PbO 2  Pb +O 2  2. AlN 2 -> Al +N 2

14. Single Replacement Reactions occur when one element replaces another in a compound. A metal can replace a metal (+) OR a nonmetal can replace a nonmetal (-). element + compound  element + compound GENERAL FORM: A + BC  AC + B (if A is a metal) OR A + BC  BA + C (if A is a nonmetal) (remember the cation always goes first!) When H 2 O splits into ions, it splits into H + and OH - (not H+ and O -2 !!)

16. PRACTICE 1. Write and balance the following single replacement reaction equation: Zinc metal reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid Zn (s) + HCl (aq)  ZnCl 2 + H 2(g)

17. 2. Sodium chloride solid reacts with fluorine gas NaCl (s) + F 2(g)  NaF (s) + Cl 2(g) Note that fluorine replaces chlorine in the compound NOW SOLVE ON YOUR OWN AND BALANCE 3. Aluminum metal reacts with aqueous copper (II) nitrate Al (s) + Cu(NO 3 ) 2(aq)  Practice

18. Practice Single Displacement Answers  1. Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl 2 +H 2  2. 2NaCl +F 2 -> 2NaF +Cl 2  3. Al + Cu (NO 3 ) 2 -> Al(NO 3 ) 2 + Cu

19. Double Replacement Reactions occur when a nonmetal replaces a nonmetal in a compound Compound + compound  compound+ compound General Form: AB + CD  AD + CB

20. Think about it like “foil”ing in algebra, first and last ions go together + inside ions go together Example: AgNO 3(aq) + NaCl (s)  AgCl (s) + NaNO 3(aq) Another example: K 2 SO 4(aq) + Ba(NO 3 ) 2(aq)  KNO 3(aq) + BaSO 4(s)

21. Predict the products and Balance the equation 1. HCl (aq) + AgNO 3(aq)  2. CaCl 2(aq) + Na 3 PO 4(aq)  3. Pb(NO 3 ) 2(aq) + BaCl 2(aq)  4. FeCl 3(aq) + NaOH (aq)  5. H 2 SO 4(aq) + NaOH (aq)  6. KOH (aq) + CuSO 4(aq) 

22. Double Displacement Practice Answers  1. HCl + AgNO 3 -> HNO 3 + AlCl  CaCl 2 +Na 3 PO 4 -> CaPO 4 +NaCl  Pb(NO 3 ) 2 +BaCl 2 -> PbCl 2 + Ba (NO 3 ) 2

23. Combustion reactions occur when a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen gas. This is also called burning!!! In order to burn something you need the 3 things in the “fire triangle”: 1) A Fuel (hydrocarbon) 2) Oxygen to burn it with 3) Something to ignite the reaction (spark)

24. Combustion Reactions In general: C x H y + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O Products in combustion are ALWAYS carbon dioxide and water. (although incomplete burning does cause some by-products like carbon monoxide) Combustion is used to heat homes and run automobiles (octane, as in gasoline, is C 8 H 18 )

25. Combustion Reactions Edgar Allen Poe’s drooping eyes and mouth are potential signs of CO poisoning.