1. Legal and Illegal (426 – 433)

2. Drug Drug: Chemical substance that causes changes in the body. – Prescription drug – Over-the-Counter – Illicit Drug

3. Drugs Over-the-counter Drug: Medicine sold legally in pharmacies and other stores without a doctor’s prescription. – Pain relievers (aspirin) – Cold and cough remedies – Sleep aids

4. Illegal Drug Chemical substance that people of any age may not lawfully manufacture, possess, buy or sell. – Depressants – Stimulants – Hallucinogens

5. Types of Drug Use Drug Misuse: Improper use of medicines; either prescription or over-the-counter. – Taking more of the prescribed amount of a drug – Taking drugs with the wrong foods or at wrong time Drug Abuse: When a drug is intentionally used improperly or unsafely. – Abusing prescription pain killers – Any use of illegal drugs – Intentionally use of drugs for nonmedical purposes.

6. Drug Effects on the Brain Psychoactive Drug: Is a chemical that affects brain activity. Many psychoactive drugs trigger activity along a “reward pathway” – Under normal conditions dopamine travels among brain cells causing pleasurable sensations – On drugs, cells release extra dopamine causing a stronger signal – After repeated drug use, brain cells lose receptors for dopamine. Pleasure signal weakens, causing need for more of drung

7. Dangers of Drug Misuse and Abuse Side effects: Unwanted physical or mental effect caused by the drug. – Nausea, dizziness, drowsiness Tolerance – Dependence: Repeated use develops tolerance which will lead to wanted more for same effect. That leads to dependence on a drug.

8. Withdrawal Withdrawal Symptoms: Body’s reaction to someone who stops taking a drug who is dependant on. – Nausea or vomiting – Headaches or dizziness – Fever – Digestion problems – Paranoia or panic – Tremors, seizures or death

9. Legal Risks and Other Costs Legal penalties Damaged relationships with family & friends Criminal record, prison time, heavy fines

10. Drug Interactions Antagonism: A drug antagonism occurs when each drug’s effect is canceled out or reduced by the other. – EXAMPLE: Nicotine that raises blood pressure and someone taking blood pressure medicine. Synergism: A drug synergism occurs when drugs interact to produce effects greater than those that each drug would produce alone. – EXAMPLE: Combination of certain sleep aids with alcohol

11. Other Health Risks Impurities: Illegal drugs at are “cut” or “laced” with other chemicals such as rat poison, cleaning powders. Hepatitis & HIV Risks to fetus and newborn