1. Respiratory System
呼吸系统

2. The General Description Composition
Nose
Pharynx upper respiratory tract
Larynx
Trachea
lower respiratory tract
Bronchi

3. Section 1 The Nose 鼻 I.External nose: Root of nose Back of nose
Apex of nose
Alae of nasi
II.Nasal cavity –divided into two halves by the nasal septum
Little region

4. Section 1 The Nose 鼻 I.External nose: Root of nose Back of nose
Apex of nose
Alae of nasi
II.Nasal cavity –divided into two halves by the nasal septum
Little region

6. Two parts: Nasal vestibule Proper nasal cavity 固有鼻腔 Lateral wall
鼻前庭
Proper nasal cavity
固有鼻腔
Lateral wall
Nasal conchae 鼻甲
Nasal meatus 鼻道
Sphenoethmoidal recess 蝶筛隐窝

7. Remove the middle nasal conchae
Semilunar hiatus
半月裂孔
Ethmoidal infundibulum
筛漏斗
Ethmoidal bulla 筛泡
Nasolacrimal canal 鼻泪管

8. Mucous membrane of nose
Olfactory region嗅区
Respiratory region 呼吸区

9. III.The paranasal sinuses and their site of drainage into the nose
Frontal sinus 额窦
Ethmoidal sinuses 筛窦
Sphenoid sinus 蝶窦
Maxillary sinus
上颌窦

10. Section 2 The Larynx 喉
Position－situated in the anterior part of the neck (below the hyoid bone), and extends from vertebral level of C3 to C6

11. I.Layngeal cartilages (I)Thyroid cartilage甲状软骨 Shield-shaped cartilage
Laryngeal prominence
(II)Cricoid cartilage环状软骨
Complete ring of cartilage (shaped like a signet ring)

12. (III)Arytenoid杓状软骨
Paired, pyramid shaped
(IV)Epiglottic cartilage
会厌软骨
leaf-shaped elastic cartilage

13. 喉软骨

14. II.Laryngeal joints
Thyrohyroid membrane
甲状舌骨膜
cricothyroid joint
环甲关节
cricoarytenoid joint
环杓关节

15. Quadrangular membrane 方形膜 Conus elasticus弹性圆锥
vocal ligament
Median cricothyroid ligment
Cricotracheal ligament
环气管韧带

16. III.Muscles of larynx IV .Laryngeal cavity
(I)Aperture of larynx喉口
bounded by upper border epiglottic cartilage, aryepiglottic folds and interarytenoid notch

17. Structure features Two folds : Two fissures Vestibular folds
Vocal folds
Two fissures
Rima vestibulithe
Fissure of glottis
Intermembranous part Intercartilagrnous part

18. (II)Three parts Laryngeal vestibule 喉前庭 Intermedial cavity
of larynx喉中间腔
Ventricle of larynx
Infraglottic cavity
声门下腔

19. Section 3 The Trachea and Bronchi
I.Trachea
Position
Structure features
Consists of about 16－20 C-shaped incomplete tracheal cartilages
Carina of trachea

20. Section 3 The Trachea and Bronchi
I.Trachea
Position
Structure features
Consists of about 16－20 C-shaped incomplete tracheal cartilages
Carina of trachea

21. II.Bronchi支气管 Right principal bronchus
Shorter, wider, and more vertical
Left principal bronchus
Narrower, longer, and more horizontal

22. Section 4 The Lungs肺 Position General features Cone-shaped
An Apex of lung
A Base of lung
Three surfaces
Three borders

23. From before backward: V.A.B. From above downward: Medial surface
Hilum of lung
Root of lung
Order of structures
From before backward:
V.A.B.
From above downward:
R.－B. A. V.
L.－A. B. V.

24. Lobes and Fissure Right lung Left lung Two fissures :
horizontal and oblique
Three lobes
Left lung
One fissure : oblique
Two lobes

25. III. The Bronchial tree IV .Bronchopulmonary segments

26. Section 5 The Pleura 胸膜 General features
Serous membranes forming closed sacs
Two layers
Visceral pleura－adheres to lung
Parietal pleura－lines the thoracic cavity

27. Contains a small amount of pleural fluid Subatmospheric pressure in it
pleural cavity: Two pleural layers continue
with each other at root
of lung formed a closed
potential space
Contains a small amount of pleural fluid
Subatmospheric pressure in it

28. Named parts of parietal pleura
Cupula of pleura
Costal pleura
Mediastinal pleura
Diaphragmatic pleura

29. Costodiaphragmatic recesse 肋膈隐窝 They are the slit-like
Pleura recesses胸膜隐窝
Costodiaphragmatic recesse
肋膈隐窝
They are the slit-like
intervals and the
lowest points of
pleural cavities
Costomediastinal recess
肋纵隔隐窝

31. The surface projection of lower border of lung and pleurae
Midclavicular lines
Midaxillary lines
Sides of the vertebral column
Lungs
6th rib
8th rib
10th rib
Pleura
12th rib

33. Section 6 The mediastinum
1.Definition Divisions