1. What do you remember?

2.  Attention facilitates encoding (it is a selective filter)  Levels of processing theory:  Memory codes depends on which aspects of stimulus are emphasized

3.  Deeper processing results in better recall-how to recall?  Structural-shallow processing [physical structure] ie: remembering words written in capital letters  Phonemic-intermediate processing [sounds like] ie: remembering words that rhyme Both these types of processing involve imagery and visuals

4.  Semantic-deep processing [emphasizes meaning] ie: fit words into sentence context or past experience  Elaboration is a form of semantic processing-linking stimulus to other information  Personal self-reference, how you relate to the info is a type of deep processing (encoding)

5.  Sensory Memory: remembering information in original form (fraction of a second)  Short Term Memory-limited capacity 7 “chunks” of information at a time-this is your “working” memory  Long Term Memory-unlimited capacity-holds information indefinitely  Information is organized in simple clusters, conceptual hierarchies, or semantic networks  Schema-organized cluster of knowledge about objects or sequence of events (shapes memory + new interactions)

6.  Psychologist associated with memory studies- Ebbinghaus  Decay theory: forgetting occurs spontaneously; passage of time can’t prove if LTM is effected  Interference theory: people forget information because of competition from other information  Repression (Freud): motivated forgetting of painful or unpleasant memories

7.  Reinstating the context of an event can facilitate recall.  Memories are not exact replicas of past experiences-they are partially reconstructive  Misinformation Effect: information learned after an event can alter one’s memory of it.  Source monitoring and Reality monitoring errors often explain why people “recall” something that never happened but that was suggested or imagined

8.  Memory traces reflect alterations in neurotransmitter release at specific locations in the brain  Memory traces-localized neural circuits that undergo long-term potentiation  Amnesia: hippocampal region key to memory processes

9.  Implicit/Explicit memory suggests people may have separate memory systems  Declarative memory-facts  Episodic memory-personal facts  Semantic memory-general facts  Procedural memory-actions/skills  Retrospective memory-past events, people, activities, experiences  Prospective memory-ability to carry out a planned intention of a future time

10.  Rehearsal: overlearning facilitates retention (serial position effect)  Distributed practice vs. Massed practice  Processing during rehearsal should be deep.  Meaningfulness can be enhanced through mnemonics, acrostics, acronyms, narrative methods.  Mnemonics that depend on visual:  Keyword Method  Method of Loci  Link Method

11.  Re-affirm why people’s experiences of the world are subjective-vary from person to person.  Behavior governed by multiple experiences