1. Roles of the President Head of State Represents the nation Performs ceremonial roles Nation’s chief diplomat Collective image of the United States

2. Roles of the President Chief Executive Ensures all laws of Congress are carried out Executive orders – rules that have the force of law Power to appoint people to offices in executive branch Right to fire officials they have appointed Impound funds Appoint officials to the judiciary Grant reprieves and pardons Grant amnesty

3. Roles of the President Chief Legislator Propose legislation the president wishes to see enacted Describe programs in State of the Union Veto any bill Congress sends for approval Economic Planner Submit an annual economic report to Congress Council of Economic Advisers helps president Prepare an annual budget

4. Roles of the President Party Leader Appoint members to government jobs Political patronage to reward those who helped the president get elected Chief Diplomat Directs the foreign policy Power to negotiate and sign treaties 2/3 Senate approval is required Make executive agreements Decide to recognize governments of other countries

5. Roles of the President Commander in Chief Shares power with Congress to make war Helps with key military decisions that represent overall policy and strategy Authority to order use of nuclear weapons Special powers during times of war

6. Leadership Qualities and Skills Understanding the Public Public support helps policies pass quicker Ability to Communicate Communicate and present ideas to inspire support Sense of Timing Know when to introduce or delay action Openness to New Ideas Weigh both sides of the issue Ability to Compromise Settle to get what they really want Political Courage

7. Presidential Isolation Special Treatment People tend to every want and need of the President Starts to feel he is above criticism Voicing Opinions Discourage staff from disagreeing with them Advisers stand in awe of the president Make it difficult to take a stand against the President Access to the President Top staffers control negative access to the President

8. Executive Privilege Right to refuse to provide info to Congress or the Courts Congress feels their oversight powers overrule executive privilege Limits of Executive Privilege Say it is necessary to protect their communication with staff Otherwise they would not get frank advice