1. LECTURE 3 Morphology & Syntax
Suffixal homophones Immediate constituents

2. Learning Objectives: 1. To know suffixal homophones. 2
Learning Objectives: 1.To know suffixal homophones. 2.To produce words with suffixal homophones

3. 3.to analyze immediate constituents of words 4. draw tree diagrams

4. Suffixual homophones
a group of suffixes that have the same sounds but they have different meanings. For example: A.(Er cp) has two homophones. 1. The first is the derivational suffix (Er-n) which is attached to verb to form nouns. This is highly productive suffix.

5. Activity 1 Give 5 examples the derivational suffix (Er-n) : 1. 2. 3.4. 5.

6. It is used to produce hundreds of English nouns. E. g. hunter
It is used to produce hundreds of English nouns. E.g. hunter. It is called the agent -er and conveys the meaning of that which perform the action of the verb stem. 2.The second –er morphemes appears at the end of words like chatter. This –er conveys the meaning of repetition.

7. EX /P 100
Identify the italicized –er: 1. This is a heavier tennis rocket than I want. 2. We watched the shimmer of the evening light. 3. The fighter weighed 180 pounds. 4. He was tougher than he looked.

8. B. the verbal inflectional suffix{ING-vb} has two homophones in ing:
The first one is the nominal deviational suffix{ING nm} examples: weddings, readings.
2. The second is the adjectival morpheme{ING aj} as in : a charming woman.

9. EX 8-18 Identify the italicized words by these symbols
V-al =verbal {ING vb} N –al=nominal {ING nm} Aj-al=adjectival {ING aj} 1. It was a charming spot. 2. Jim lost both fillings from his tooth. 3. She saw the waiting cab. 4. It was exciting to watch the fight. 5. Old sayings are often half true.

10. EX 8-18 Identify the italicized words by these symbols 1-15
HOME WORK

11. C. The verbal inflectional {-D pp} has a homophone in the adjectival derivational {-D aj}. eg. Helen was excited about her new job.
This means that the past participle can be adjective

12. EX 8-19 Identify the suffixes of the italicized words with these symbols:
V-al={D pp}; Aj={D aj}
1. You should read the printed statements.
2. A worried look his face.
3. This a complicated question.
4. His chosen bride had lived in India.

13. D. The adverbial derivational suffix{-LY av} is added to adjectives to form adverbs of manner, as in kind; kindly, formal; formally, happy; happily. EX 8-21 Identify the italicized ly as {LY-av},{LY-aj}: 1. The witness testified falsely. 2. Grace has a deadly wit. 3. Janet always behaved with a maidenly demeanor. 4. He tiptoes softly into the room. 5. Jimmy received a weekly allowance. (EX 6-10)

14. Noun Feminine Forms suffix -e -enne -ess fiancé Comedian prince
fiancée
Comedienne

15. Noun Diminutive Forms
In English six diminutive nouns can be found. They are morphemes that convey a meaning of smallest or endearment or both: 1.-ie,-i,-y as in Betty, sweetie, Willy. 2.-ette as in dinette, towelette. 3.-kin as in babykins. 4.-ling as in duckling, darling(=little dear). 5.-et as in circlet 6.-let as in booklet, starlet

16. Immediate Constituents IC
What the four types of morphemes are? These morphemes are put together to form words. For example, the word cheerful is composed of two parts. -cheer ful -gentle/man/ly

17. When we analyze a word we divide /cut it into parts of which it seems to have been composed. We do this until we reduce a word to its ultimate constituents, that is to the unit morphemes /layers of structure of which it is composed.

18. Two points: 1. If a word ends in inflectional suffix, the first cut is between the suffix and the rest of the word, as in preconceiv/ed, malformation/s. 2. One of the IC should be a free morpheme. A free morpheme is one that can be uttered alone with meaning.

19. -enlargement -independent insupportable
Examples: Analyze these words to their immediate constituents(draw tree diagrams)
-enlargement
-independent
insupportable

20. EX p 108
Home work
One of the IC showing the layers of structure is wrong. Which is it and why?

21. EX 8-26 Diagram these words to show the layers of structure.
-itemized
-preprofessional
-newspaperdom
-lifelessness
-malconstruction
-contradictory
-disenthrone

22. H W EX 8-26 Diagram these words to show the layers of structure
-mid after noon -super natur al -un com fort able -fest iv al -en gag ing -ex press ion ism -mis judg ment THE END