1. Beginnings of US I- Industrialization and Urbanization- 1870s-90s SWBAT: Identify the problems of both industrialization and urbanization and explain how these problems ultimately lead to the Progressive Era. Homework: Bring in the syllabus contract if you haven't already done so. Do Now: What would some advantages be if you were to move to a big city? What would be some disadvantages?

2. What is Industrialization? Prior to the 1870s, the U.S. economy was largely based on farming. Throughout the 1870s-90s, new technology helped shift the economy away from farming towards big industries.

3. What kind of new technology? Trains: Steel manufacturing. Electricity Coal is needed to run the power plants. Eventually, the automobile Oil drilling and refining become big businesses. Carnegie Steel, Youngstown, Ohio

4. Before the Industrial Revolution… Philadelphia, early 1800s Cleveland, 1860s

5. After Industrialization Philadelphia, 1900 Cleveland, 1900

6. Advantages Created new industries that boosted the economy. Created jobs. Made life easier Trains=travel electricity=lights

7. Question What would be some concerns you would have with industrialization?

8. Ultimately, industrialization leads to urbanization Industrialization leads to work in large cities. People living in rural areas move to urban areas. PLUS Immigrants start arriving in large numbers. Industrialization + large numbers of people moving to cities = urbanization

9. What would be some of the problems with urbanization?

10. Housing Row homes were built to house large numbers of people. Often, many families would live in a single family homes to save money. Became known as tenements. Were often run down, had poor ventilation, and were unsanitary.

11. Sanitation Keeping cities clean became increasingly difficult. Often trash and horse manure would pile up on streets. Sewage flowed through open gutters. Factories spewed smoke unchecked.

12. Poor Working Conditions Often worked 12-14 hour days. Conditions were unsafe. Children as young as 6 could work in factories in all kinds of conditions. Were often paid very little for hard work.

13. The American Worker before the Industrial Revolution… Famers in the mid-West

14. The American Worker after the Industrial Revolution Men, women, and children working in factories

15. Solving the Problems Problems lead to the beginning of reformers looking to make changes. This ultimately leads to the Progressive Era.

16. Exit Activity- be a Progressive Reformer One of the goals of a progressive reformer was to help improve the life of immigrants living in tenements. Given what you know about the problems, what are two ways you might be able to help them live a better life? Consider: Programs you could start Ways to improve their working conditions Ways to improve their home life