1. Mood Disorders: Faces of Depression and Bipolar How Many Do You Recognize?

2. Major Depressive Disorder Severe form of depression that interferes with functioning, concentration, and mental and physical well-being Severe form of depression that interferes with functioning, concentration, and mental and physical well-being Relatively short-term Relatively short-term At least four of the following symptoms are present: At least four of the following symptoms are present: –Problems with eating –Lack of sleep –Promblems with thinking –Problems concentrating –Problems with decition making –Lacking energy –Thinking about suicide –Feeling guilty or worthless Impairs people’s ability to meet the ordinary responsibility of everyday life. Impairs people’s ability to meet the ordinary responsibility of everyday life. Cannot “shake it off” or “snap out of it” Cannot “shake it off” or “snap out of it” May include delusions about one’s body ‘rotting’ from illness, hallucinations, or psychosomatic manifestations May include delusions about one’s body ‘rotting’ from illness, hallucinations, or psychosomatic manifestations

3. Dysthymic Disorder A milder form of depression which follows a chronic course of development. A milder form of depression which follows a chronic course of development. Often begins during childhood or adolescence. Often begins during childhood or adolescence. Feelings of being “down in the dumps,” but not to such a degree that they cannot function. Feelings of being “down in the dumps,” but not to such a degree that they cannot function. Persistent complaints of depression become such a fixture in the person’s life that they seem to be intertwined with their personality. Persistent complaints of depression become such a fixture in the person’s life that they seem to be intertwined with their personality. Despite treatment and apparent recovery, the risk of relapse is 90%. Despite treatment and apparent recovery, the risk of relapse is 90%.

4. Seasonal Affective Disorder Many people notice a change in their mood with the weather. Many people notice a change in their mood with the weather. Seasonal Affective Disorder is a type of Major Depressive Disorder in which the change of seasons from Summer to Fall and Winter brings on depression, lasting throughout the season. Seasonal Affective Disorder is a type of Major Depressive Disorder in which the change of seasons from Summer to Fall and Winter brings on depression, lasting throughout the season. Treatment: light therapy Treatment: light therapy

5. Bipolar Disorder Characterized by mood swings between states of extreme elation and depression Characterized by mood swings between states of extreme elation and depression Manic Phase: elation, extreme confusion, distractibility, racing thoughts. Manic Phase: elation, extreme confusion, distractibility, racing thoughts. –Sometimes difficult to detect because the person seems to be blessed with an unending state of optimism. –“It’s an emotional state similar to Oz, full of excitement, color, noise, and speed—an overload of sensory stimulation—whereas the sane state of Kansas is plain and simple, black and white, boring and flat. Mania has such a dreamlike quality that often I confuse my manic episodes with dreams I’ve had.” Normalcy lasts for several months with short bursts of mania and/or depression Normalcy lasts for several months with short bursts of mania and/or depression Depressive Phase: overcome with feelings of failure, sinfulness, worthlessness, and despair. Depressive Phase: overcome with feelings of failure, sinfulness, worthlessness, and despair. –Essentially the same behavior as Major Depressive Disorder –“The patient lay in bed, immobile, with a dull, depressed expression on his face. His eyes were sunken and downcast. Even when spoken to, he would not raise his eyes to look at the speaker. Usually he did not respond at all to questions, but sometimes, after apparently great effort, he would mumble something about the “Scourge of God.”

6. Cyclothymic Disorder Chronic, but less severe mood swings than are found in bipolar disorder. Chronic, but less severe mood swings than are found in bipolar disorder. Begins in late adolescence, persists for years. Begins in late adolescence, persists for years. Periods of normal mood last for no more than a month or so. Periods of normal mood last for no more than a month or so.

7. Mood Disorders Causes Chemical Imbalance Chemical Imbalance Emotional Disturbance Emotional Disturbance Social Support Social Support Continually making illogical conclusions Continually making illogical conclusions –Ex: blaming themselves for normal, everyday failures Treatment Antidepressants Antidepressants Psychotherapy Psychotherapy Electroconvulsive Therapy Electroconvulsive Therapy Mood Stabilizers Mood Stabilizers