1. Nationalism: Italy and Germany

2. Nationalism ► People who share a common language, a common soil, common traditions, a common history, a common culture, and a shared human experience seek to create political unity around an identity of who or what constitutes a nation ► WHAT??  Extreme patriotism combined with individual feeling as part of a collective consciousness (US v. THEM)  Why is nationalism so important to study???

3. Italian Unification: 1861 ► ► Giuseppe Mazzini: Created Young Italy in 1831 ► ► Risorgimento: the resurgence of Italian nationalism and culture. ► ► In 1859, Camillo di Cavour (skilled diplomat and prime minister) led Sardinia-Piedmont (with the support of King Victor Emmanuel II) and other northern Italian states in a rebellion against Austrian domination   French also helped against the Austrians= French got Nice and Savoy ► ► Popular revolts led by Giuseppe Garibaldi (popular mercenary) broke out in several southern provinces and proved successful. ► ► Under Cavour's guidance, Lombardy, Naples, Sicily, and other duchies elected to annex themselves to Sardinia-Piedmont in 1860 under the rule of Victor Emmanuel II, who proclaimed the creation of a unified Italy the following year with a constitution and himself as head of state. ► ► The last provinces to join the new nation were Venice in 1866 and the Papal States in 1870.

5. Nationalist Movements in Europe ► Germany gained independence and was unified in 1871  Otto von Bismarck (Prussian chancellor) “Blood and Iron”  Defeat of Austria and France

6. Zionism in Europe ► Zionism: The movement to create a Jewish state ► Success of European nationalism transforms prayer for Israel into a movement for it ► Nationalism prompts persecution of outsiders ► Theodore Herzl: the founder and visionary ► Not all Jews supported the hope of Israel

7. Resources ► ► "German unification." World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 17 Apr. 2012. ► ► "Italian Unification, 1858-1870." Map. World History: The Modern Era. ABC- CLIO, 2012. Web. 17 Apr. 2012. ► ► "Italian unification." World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 17 Apr. 2012. ► ► "Young Italy." World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 17 Apr. 2012.