1. NEXT A revolution in ______________________ activity changes Europeans’ view of _____________________ and ______________________. Section 2 The Enlightenment in Europe

2. NEXT Two Views on Government The Enlightenment in Europe New Ways of Thinking ________________________________________ spurs reassessment of many prevailing ideas -Europeans seek insights into society during 1600s,1700s Leads to the ________________________—a movement stressing reason and thought SECTION 2 Hobbes’s Social Contract _____________________ distrusts humans, favors ______________________ government to keep ___________ Promotes __________________________—getting order by giving power to ________________________ Continued...

3. NEXT continued Two Views on Government Locke’s Natural Rights Philosopher _____________________ says __________________ gets power from the ____________________ Stresses that people have a _____________ to _________________ an _______________ government SECTION 2

4. NEXT The Philosophes Advocate Reason Beliefs of the Philosophes The _______________________ are French social critics in the mid-1700s Value ________________, _______________, ___________, ____________________, ________________ SECTION 2 ______________________Combats Intolerance Voltaire—influential philosophe, pen name of François Marie Arouet Publishes many works arguing for _______________, reason Makes powerful enemies and is __________________ twice for his views Continued...

5. NEXT continued The Philosophes Advocate Reason Montesquieu and the Separation of Powers _____________________—French writer who _____________Britain’s government system Favors ___________________of powers to keep ______________________ from running government Rousseau: Champion of ___________________ __________________________—philosophe who favors ____________________freedom, ______________democracy Views social contract as agreement by free people to form government SECTION 2 ___________________Promotes Criminal Justice Italian philosopher Cesare Beccaria works to reform _________________ system Calls for ______________trials, greater ____________for criminal defendants

6. NEXT Women and the Enlightenment Views on Women’s Education ________________ Many Enlightenment thinkers take __________________ views of women’s role Prominent writer ______________________urges greater ____________________for women: -argues women need _________________education to be _____________________ and ______________________ -urges women to go into traditionally _______________ professions like _____________________ Some wealthy women use their ______________to spread Enlightenment ideas SECTION 2

7. NEXT Legacy of the Enlightenment Role of the Philosophes The philosophes are not ________________, but inspire major _____________________ SECTION 2 Belief in ____________________ ___________________breakthroughs show human capacity to improve ______________________ More ___________________Outlook New knowledge of the world leads people to _________________________religious ideas ____________________ and others criticize beliefs and practices of ________________________ Continued...

8. NEXT continued Legacy of the Enlightenment Importance of the ____________________ People place more emphasis on individual _______________________, ___________________ _____________________becomes a central concept for ___________________, _____________ SECTION 2