1. You are what you eat? 4 Classes of Macromolecules

4. Carbohydrates (Sugars)

5. Function Short Term Energy Storage Carbohydrate loading Identification of Cells Are you a good cell or a bad cell? What type of cell are you?

6. Made up of… Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen glucosesucrose

7. Building Blocks Monomer: a basic unit of an organic compound Simple sugars –ose Monosaccharide (Monomer): glucose C 6 H 12 O 6 Disaccharide (Polymer): sucrose C 12 H 22 O 11 C 12 H 22 O 11 Polysaccharide (Polymer): Many simple sugars joined together to form larger carbohydrates, like starch.

9. Examples Examples –Glucose (respiration and photosynthesis) –Cellulose plant cell wall –Lactose –Sucrose –Glycogen:E storage in animal –Starch: E storage in plants Food Sources –Rice –Bread –Potatoes –Fruits

11. Lipids Lipids (Fats)

12. Function Long term Energy storage Main component of cell membranes InsulationPadding

14. Made up of… Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

15. Building Blocks 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains

17. Examples Examples –Body Fat: E storage in animals –Oils: Energy storage in plants –Wax –Phospholipids in the cell membrane Food sources: –Butter –Olive oil –Mayonnaise

19. IMPORTANT PROPERTY Lipids are hydrophobic –Hydrophobic: does not dissolve in water. Applications for organisms: –Waterproof –Cell formation

21. Structure Saturated lipid: C - C Unsaturated lipid: C = C

23. Structure (Continued) Cell Membrane: made up of a phospholipid bilayer (two layers of lipids)

25. THE END FOR TODAY

26. Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA

27. Function Stores genetic information DNA and RNA determine what protein is made PROTEIN SYTHESIS

28. Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus

29. Building Blocks Monomers: Nucleotides –Sugar (deoxyribose, ribose) –Phosphate Group –Nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil)

31. Examples DNA -all food RNA Examples Food Sources

32. Protein

33. Function - Make up structures of organisms -Carry out chemical reactions -Control the rate of chemical reactions -Transport molecules in and out of cells -Fight disease

35. Made up of… Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur

36. Building Blocks Monomers of Proteins are amino acids There are 20 different amino acids.

39. Examples Examples: –Hair and Nails –Hemoglobin –Muscles –Enzymes: Protein that speeds up the rate of chemical reactions. Also called a Catalyst

41. ENZYMES are SPECIFIC  only bind to SPECIFIC substrates to work SPECIFIC reactions, because of the enzyme’s SPECIFIC shape. Example: The enzyme DNA polymerase has a specific shape that allows it to bind to DNA and speed up the process of DNA replication Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions All ENZYMES end in –ase Examples: - lactase - amylase - galactidase

42. Specific enzyme action of the enzyme binding to the substrate is called the: LOCK and KEY MODEL

43. THE END For real this time….