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Chapter 10 Understanding and Managing Responses to Stress Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Definition of stress Stress responses and psychiatric disorders The interface between stress and all health alterations Introduction 2 Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Walter Cannon Fight-or-flight response Body prepares for situation that individual perceives as threat to survival New research indicates that men and women have different neural responses to stress Early Stress-Response Theories 3 Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Hans Selye General adaptation syndrome (GAS) Three stages Alarm or acute stress stage Resistance or adaptation stage Exhaustion stage Psychological reactions (Lazarus) Distress Eustress Early Stress-Response Theories (Cont.) 4 Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Serotonin synthesis more active May impair serotonin receptor sites and brain’s ability to use serotonin Neurotransmitter Stress Responses 5 Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Interaction between nervous system and immune system during alarm phase of GAS Negatively affects body’s ability to produce protective factors Immune Stress Responses 6 Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Stressors Physical Psychological Perception Individual temperament Social support Support groups Culture Spirituality and religious beliefs Mediators of the Stress Response 7 Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Measuring stress Social Readjustment Rating Scale (Holmes and Rahe, 1967, 1978, 1997) Measures level of positive and negative stressful life events over a 1-year period Assessing coping styles Nursing Management of Stress Responses 8 Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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A college student is experiencing stress in her life as she tries to manage her schoolwork, job responsibilities, and single parenting. What attributes can this student develop to manage the stress? Case Study 9 Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Deep breathing exercises Progressive muscle relaxation Relaxation response Meditation Guided imagery Managing Stress Through Relaxation Techniques 10 Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Biofeedback Physical exercise Cognitive reframing Journaling Humor Managing Stress Through Relaxation Techniques (Cont.) 11 Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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1.In general adaptation syndrome (GAS), which stage occurs first? A. Alarm B. Resistance C. Exhaustion Audience Response Questions 12 Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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2.Which reaction to stress is healthy? A. Distress B. Eustress Audience Response Questions 13 Copyright © 2014, 2010, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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