1. Adaptation to Stress Chapter 5: Copyright © 2012, 2007 Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

2. 2 What Is Stress?  The interaction between the individual and the environment that causes strain and challenges the person’s ability to cope  Stimulus that causes the stress (stressor)  Internal or external

3. 3 Copyright © 2012, 2007 Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Two Types of Stress  Distress  Eustress

4. 4 Copyright © 2012, 2007 Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. General Adaptation Syndrome  Hans Selye  Three stage physical and psychological reaction to stress  Alarm  Resistance  Exhaustion

5. 5 Copyright © 2012, 2007 Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Individual Locus of Control  Internal control; own efforts towards success  External control; task completion beyond their control  Thoughts, beliefs  Behaviors, aptitude  Culture, value system

6. 6 Copyright © 2012, 2007 Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Stop, Divert, and Reframe  Stop: interrupt negative train of thought  Divert: think about something to reduce stress  Reframe: what can you do?  See Box 5-1

7. 7 Copyright © 2012, 2007 Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction  Transcendental Meditation  Kabat-Sinn, 1994  Based on traditional practice of Asian religions  Helpful in teaching relaxation  Living a balanced life assists with stress reduction

8. 8 Copyright © 2012, 2007 Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Fight or Flight Response  Neurologic  Hormonal  Cardiovascular  Limbic hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis makes use of hormones to assist the body to respond to stressor

9. 9 Copyright © 2012, 2007 Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Interventions  Humor  Compartmentalization  Regular exercise  Healthy diet  Sufficient sleep  Cognitive interventions  Stop  Divert  Reframe