1. GOVERNANCE AND SERVICE DELIVERY Trilochan Pokharel, tpokharel@nasc.org.np

2. Session Objectives Governance, NASC 2015 2  Explain the characteristics and functions of good governance  Identify issues and challenges of governance and service delivery in Nepalese context

3. Presentation outline Governance, NASC 2015 3  Governance and service delivery  Government and governance  Governance actors  Governance status in Nepal  Issues and challenges  Civil service in governance and service delivery

4. Context Governance, NASC 2015 4 Nepal has everything in place. It has abundant natural resources, a large workforce ready for shouldering development agenda, democratic institutions and practices, supportive international community, historical political changes etc. The only thing we do lack is effective governance. Hence, we are in serious 'Governance crisis'. Let’s have a debate on it

5. Understanding governance Governance, NASC 2015 5 World Bank (1991) the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country's economic and social resources for development World Bank (2006) the traditions and institutions by which authority in a country is exercised

6. Understanding… Governance, NASC 2015 6 UNDP (1997) Governance is the exercise of economic, political, and administrative authority to manage a country’s affairs at all levels. It comprises the mechanisms, processes, and institutions through which citizens and groups articulate their interests, exercise their legal rights, meet their obligations and mediate their differences.

7. Understanding... Governance, NASC 2015 7 Turke (2008)  Structure- systems, processes, institutions…  Actor- policy makers, public service providers and government…  Synthesis- combination of both

8. Reimagining governance Governance, NASC 2015 8 Policy Decisions Citizens Governance system

9. Pillars of governance Governance, NASC 2015 9 Participation Rule of Law Consensus Oriented Equity and Inclusiveness Transparency Accountability Responsiveness Effectiveness and Efficiency Good Governance Information and Communication Technology

10. Government and governance Governance, NASC 2015 10  Role overlap  Power holding vs service delivery  Power - by nature undemocratic, upholding and restrictive  Democratic institutions and systems induce democratic exercise of power

11. Actors of governance Governance, NASC 2015 11  Change in governance philosophy- governance beyond government State Market Civil Society Mobilizing people’s participation, promoting constructive engagement Creating favourable political, legal and economic environment Creating opportunities for people

12. Governance… Governance, NASC 2015 12  However, inherent characteristics of governance actors remained intact  Serious gap between demand and supply  Emergence of intermediary

13. Actors… Governance, NASC 2015 13 State People

14. Actors Governance, NASC 2015 14 State Intermediary People

15. What democratic value is here? Governance, NASC 2015 15

16. Governance status of Nepal Governance, NASC 2015 16 Source: World Bank, 2014 Worldwide Governance Indicators.

17. Issues and challenges Governance, NASC 2015 17  Low accountability, responsiveness and transparency  Rampant corruption  Non-inclusive governance  Low credibility of public institutions  Over politicization in governance practices  Low innovation in governance system

18. Issues Governance, NASC 2015 18

19. For effective service delivery Governance, NASC 2015 19  Strengthening state institutions

20. For… Governance, NASC 2015 20  State-people interface - constructive engagement

21. Ways… Governance, NASC 2015 21  Promoting accountability, responsiveness and transparency

22. Story of a common man Governance, NASC 2015 22

23. Strengthening state-people relationship Governance, NASC 2015 23 State Interme diary People

24. Roadmaps for improvement Governance, NASC 2015 24  Maintaining ethical standards  Using politics for improve service delivery  Rule of law  Inclusive governance  Innovative governance- use of technology

25. Reinforcing Governance Functions NASC 2015 25 Policy Citizens Gover nance System Political parities and environment Bureaucratic systems and culture International context Culture and social values Integrity Leadership Strategic Thinking

26. Imagining improved service delivery Individual (Service Provider) Institution (Structure and system) Collective (Society, Marginalized Community, Community of Practice) Collective (Society, Marginalized Community, Community of Practice) Social Accountability Capacity building Empowerment, awareness, experience sharing Revisit, restructure Improved public service delivery ® NASC 2013 Governance, NASC 2015 26

27. Governance, NASC 2015 27 Any questions?