1. Biochemistry
A Way of
LIFE

2. Hierarchy of matter Atoms Elements Monomers make up polymers
HONC PS make up 90% of all living organisms
Monomers make up polymers
Monosaccharides
Fatty acids
Amino Acids
Nucleotides
Biological Compounds (polymers)
Carbohydrates (CH20)
Lipids (CHO) 2x as many H as C, fewer O
Proteins (CHONS)
Nucleic Acids (CHONP)

3. Macromolecular Structure
Monomer
Single unit of a macromolecule
Can be linked together to form polymers
Monomer

4. Carbohydrates AKA: sugars, saccharides
<the movie was funny, but it had a saccharine ending in which everyone lives happily ever after>
development of saccharin -- an artificial sweetener known today to many seasoned dieters as Sweet-n-Low.
Why are they important?

5. Monomers (C6H12O6 ) Polymer : Starch Plant Energy Polymer: Glycogen
Glucose - Photosynthesis
Fructose - Fruit
Galactose – Milk
Same chemical formula
Different shape = isomer
Polymer : Starch
Plant Energy
Polymer: Glycogen
Animal energy
Polymer: Cellulose

6. C6H12O6
+ C6H12O6
When H2O is created because two monomers are united, this is called a condensation reaction.
The opposite, when water is added to break a polymer apart, it is called hydrolysis.
C12H22 O11

7. Types of Lipids Phospholipids Triglycerides Waxes Steroids
Type of Steroids: Cholesterol
Hormones
Androgen
Corticosteroids
HGH
BGH

8. 1) Lipids Lots of C, twice as much H, very little O
Long hydrocarbon chains
Fatty acid (monomer)
Triglyceride (Fats)
Saturated or unsaturated
Oil (liquid) - E storage
Fat (solid) - E storage, insulation, padding
Nonpolar
Hydrophobic
Polar
Hydrophilic

9. PHOSPHOLIPID
TRIGLYCERIDE
Glycerol
Phosphate
Glycerol

10. H20 inside of cell H20 outside of cell
Impermeable to H20, maintains cell integrity.
H20 inside of cell

11. Proteins R C H N O C, H, O, N and sometimes S
Peptide = Amino Acid = Protein Monomer
Over twenty varieties
(They differ only in the “radical” group) R
Radical Group C H N O

12. Proteins Enzymes are a type of protein Phenylketonuria
Lower the activation energy for chemical reactions
Are reusable
Phenylketonuria
Neurological disease
Lack of enzyme
Phenylalanine hydroxlase
Phenylalanine
Phenylalanine hydroxlase

13. Proteins Proteins are polymers comprised of amino acids
Structural examples
Muscle fibers, hair, cytoskeleton
Cell membrane proteins

14. Nucleic Acids C, H, O, N, and P Nucleotide (nucleic acid monomer)
Monosaccharide
Ribose or Deoxyribose
Nitrogenous Base
Phosphate Group

15. Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acid Polymers RNA DNA Protein synthesis
Primary genetic info

16. 1. List the 6 elements common to all organisms
2. Name four organic compounds
3. Describe the amount of elements found in a carbohydrate monomer.
4. Name 3 carbohydrate monomers
5. Name 3 carbohydrate polymers
6. Name the polymer for each monomer
A. nucleotide C. Fatty acid
B. monosaccharide D. Amino acid
7. Draw a rough outline of what a nucleic acid monomer and a carbohydrate monomer would look like.
8. What elements are in a nucleic acid monomer?