1. The Holocaust Chapter 18, section 3

3. Hitler Comes to Power
Hitler makes anti-Semitism the official policy of the Nazi State
Constant attacks on the “Jewish Image” from mass media
Jewish children were expelled from school
Jews were forced to sell their business to “Aryans” at extremely low prices

4. Boycotts of Jewish owned business
"Attention Germans. These Jews (five and dime) stores are the parasites and gravediggers of German craftsmen. They pay starvation wages to German workers. The chief owner is the Jew, Nathan Schmidt.

5. Forced to wear badges identifying them as being Jewish
Opens people up to attacks from Brown shirts, Police, SS

6. 1935 - Nuremburg Laws Defines “Jewishness”
Non-practicing Jew + 3 or more Jewish Grandparents = Jew
Practicing Jew + 2 or more Jewish Grandparents = Jew
Strips Jews of German citizenship

7. Outlaws marriages between Jews and Non-Jews

8. 1938 – “Kristallnacht” “The Night of the Broken Glass”
Mass looting and destruction of Jewish business and Synagogues

9. Thousands of Jews were arrested
Convinced many Jews that they could not outlast the Nazis
Hundreds of thousands of German Jews began to seek refuge outside of Germany

10. Evian Conference
32 countries convened to discuss opening their borders to Jewish refugees. Only the Dominican Republic did

11. 400k Polish Jews were rounded up and confined to a small part of the city of Warsaw.
Disease and Starvation ran rampant.
Most would later be deported to Death Camps
Warsaw Ghetto

12. Operation Barbarossa: the Invasion of the USSR

13. Nazis at first encouraged native non-Jewish or communist Russians (which wasn’t many people) to kill their Jews on their own blaming them for Stalin’s evil practices.
This led to early slaughters of Jews.
The killing was not enough for Hitler.

14. “Einsatzgruppen”
Mobile killing squads patrolled Nazi occupied Russia killing Jews

15. 33,000 in two days at Babi Yar

16. Einsatzgruppen troops began having mental breakdowns because of all the killing.
This is some of the first evidence that Nazi beliefs of super-humans thoughtlessly disposing of sub-humans is unrealistic.
A more efficient way of disposing the Jews was needed.

17. Wannasee Conference
Nazi leaders came together to discuss “the Jewish Problem”
The “Final Solution” – Death camps would be constructed to exterminate all European Jews
Also – Gypsies, the homeless, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals, intellectuals, and dissidents

19. Different Camps Different Camps
Labor Camps – workers were slowly starved to death while working for the Nazi
Death Camps (Concentration Camps) – People were sent to death camps for the extermination
POW Camps – Russian POWs were worked to death in labor camps

20. Concentration Camps

21. Most prisoners were killed immediately on arrival in gas chambers

22. The healthiest would be left alive to carry the bodies to the crematoriums
Most of these people did within of starvation or disease within months of arrival

23. A few prisoners escaped to alert Jews in concentration camps of the Nazi’s plan to deport them to Treblinka
Warsaw uprising – Nazis lost control of the Warsaw Ghetto for nearly a month
Jewish Resistance

25. US knew about the ongoing Holocaust as early as 1942
Press gave little coverage to the story
Roosevelt form the War Refugee Board in 1944
Saves 200k Jews
United States Role

26. 1944 – 1945 Liberation
As Allied troops advanced through Germany, they discovered the Nazi atrocities and liberated camps

27. November 1945 - Nuremburg Trials
This was the first ever international court to prosecute “crimes against humanity”.
All allies were represented.
The Soviet judge and prosecutor was the toughest on ex-Nazis.
The American lawyer was Robert Jackson.
The constant statements of “We were just following orders” or “We didn’t know” we not accepted by the international court.
12 Nazi leaders were executed
The biggest result to come out of this trial was that individuals were responsible for their own actions – governments could not take the blame.

28. Final Toll of the Holocaust
5 to 6 million Jews
1.8 – 1.9 million Christian Poles
200,000–800,000 Roma & Sinti (Gypsies)
200,000–300,000 people with disabilities
80, ,000 Freemasons
100,000 Communists
10,000–25,000 homosexual men
2,500–5,000 Jehovah’s Witnesses