1. TOPIC: The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew _______________________________________ Presenter: Mark Barnett AREA MANAGER KSAT, NATIONAL WATER COMMISSION, JAMAICA

2. Objectives: Identify and highlight the severity of the drought on KSA Assess the multi-dimensional impacts on KSA and the NWC Identifies mitigation measures implemented by NWC. Identifies planning gaps. Recommend improvement strategies to mitigate reoccurrence The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew ________________________________________ Methodology: Literature Review Reviewing of Government Agencies Unpublished Reports First Hand Experience

3. Meteorological drought A deficiency in precipitation extended over a long period Hydrological drought departure of surface and subsurface water supplies from some average condition at various points in time Definition of Droughts: The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew ________________________________________

4. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew _______________________________________ Study Focused Area

5. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew _______________________________________

6. Rainfall incidence for parishes contributing to KSA Streamflows

7. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew _______________________________________ Streamflows for Rivers Contributing to KSA Water Supplies Water Resources Authority, 2010

8. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew _______________________________________ Streamflows for Rivers Contributing to KSA Water Supplies Water Resources Authority, 2010

9. Streamflows for Rivers Contributing to KSA Water Supplies The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew _______________________________________ Water Resources Authority, 2010

10. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew _______________________________________

13. Cumulative Production Over the Period

14. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew _______________________________________ Commercial Impact

15. Social Considerations. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew _______________________________________ Mental and physical stress (anxiety, depression) Affect Learning / Disrupt Schools Reductions in nutrition Risk to public safety (fires etc) Increased poverty in general, economic displacement Temporary population migrations Loss of aesthetic value within communities Reduction or modification of recreational activities Potential for conflicts

16. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew _______________________________________ Public Health Impact Assessment

17. The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew _______________________________________ Institutional Key Stakeholders Key Taskforce Stakeholders

18. Reduction in Water Distributing Hours Alternate Distribution (Valve Regulations) Increased Trucking Increased Public Education Conservation Campaign Prohibition Notice for certain purposes Increase volumes (8mgd) from St. Catherine to KSA Re-activation of Wells out of Operation Mitigating Actions – Short Term The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew _______________________________________

19. Kingston Water & Sanitation Project – IADB Kingston Metropolitan Area Water Supply Rehabilitation Project Jamaica Water Supply Improvement Project - US$210m Forestry Planting in Collaboration with the Forestry Department. Mitigating Actions - Long Term The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew _______________________________________

20. Recommendations The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew _______________________________________ Long term water security for all users Continuously assessing and identification of vulnerabilities Mitigating strategies to reduce risk or eliminate such risk. Objectives

21. Droughts planning must be institutionalized nationally Effects of climate change on drought phenomena Recognition of wastewater effluent as a resource Structured approach to City & Town planning Make rain harvesting compulsory (provide incentives) Embarked on an active demand management programme Maximize the use of ground water resources Optimization of the storage facilities (Mona & Hermitage) The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew _______________________________________ Recommendations –for Considerations

22. Conclusions The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew _______________________________________ KSA experienced Meteorological and Hydrological drought. No long-term drought mitigation plan exist Institutional responsiveness were reactive rather than proactive. Increased public health vulnerability especially in children. There were negative socio-cultural impacts Public Safety (Person & Property) compromised There was economic cost to KSA and Jamaica on a whole.

23. Conclusions The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew _______________________________________ Billed revenue for KSA fell by an average J$50m/month Public education campaign did not resonate with population Prohibition Notices were ineffective without enforcement

24. Thank You for Your Attention QUESTIONS? The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew _______________________________________