1. China and Japan Limit European Influences Sections 3-2 & 3-3

2. China Limits Trade with Europe In order to show Chinese superiority, Zheng He embarked on seven missions of exploration

3. The Ming Dynasty Foreign trade was only done in 3 port cities: Canton, Macao, and Ningbo Many merchants operated outside of the law and smuggled silk, spices, and other goods

4. The Manchus The Manchus created the Qing Dynasty & eventually gained the Chinese people’s trust by upholding Confucian values and making the borders safe They expanded China’s borders to include Taiwan, Mongolia, and Tibet

5. Japan returns to Isolationism The Europeans became aggressive in their attempts to convert the Japanese The introduction of Christian/ European ideas into Japan threatened the power base of the shogun

6. The Shogun Responds The Shogun could not separate the merchants from the missionaries, so they cut off all ties with Europeans and close Japan’s borders With most of the East closed, Europeans began to concentrate more on the Americas