1. Brahman as divine force in the universe.
Hinduism and Buddhism
Brahman as divine force in the universe.

2. Hinduism Thousands of gods and goddesses
One universal spirit = all gods – Brahman***
Upanishads – religious writings about the universal spirit
One of the oldest religions in the world
Third largest religion
Came from a mix of Aryan and Indian religion

3. The Five Beliefs of Hinduism
Brahman (universal spirit)
Deities ( all gods are part of one universal spirit)
Dharma (perform your duty of your caste: the Divine law)
Karma (consequences of how a person lives- good life= good karma; closer to Brahman)
Samsara (person moves through various life stages, ending with death and then rebirth into a new body)

4. Brahma – creator of the world

5. Vishnu – preserver of world

6. Siva – destroyer of world

7. Ganesha – lord of existing beings remover of obstacles

8. Krishna – teacher of world

9. Lakshmi – goddess of light, beauty, good fortune, and wealth

10. Saraswati – goddess of knowledge, music, creative arts

11. Parvati – universal mother
Siva with Parvati and son Ganesha

12. Surya – god of the sun

13. Dharma Dharma – the duties of life, of the caste
If you follow your dharma, you will have good karma.
This picture shows people doing the duties within their varna. Can you guess the five classes?

14. Karma-the consequences of how a person lives
Good karma? Move up a caste
Bad karma? Move down a caste
Reincarnation – after a person dies, he is born into a new life (a better life if he has good karma)

15. This represents Karma as it shows different levels of existence into which people can be reborn according to their actions.

16. Samsara
Samsara was the Hindu belief that a person progresses through various life stages, ending with death and then rebirth into a new body.

17. Buddhism Buddhism – religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama
The Buddha – Prince Siddhartha Gautama

19. Siddhartha Gautama Rich prince Left his riches
Spent the rest of his life wandering and teaching
He believed:
- Everyday world is an illusion
- Everyone should give up all worldly desires

21. Buddhism
Nirvana – state of wisdom one achieves after giving up everything
Heart of Buddha’s teachings – The Four Noble Truths:
- Life is full of suffering
-***People suffer because they desire worldly things and self-satisfaction
- The way to end suffering is to stop desiring things
- Follow the Eightfold Path

22. Buddhism Buddha did not accept caste system
Buddhism became popular with untouchables and lower caste people
They, too, could reach enlightenment

23. What two groups did Buddhism split into?

24. Theravada Buddhism Buddha a teacher, not a god
Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos

25. Mahayana Buddhism Buddha – a god Following Eightfold Path too hard
Must worship Buddha
Then after in heaven, follow Eightfold Path
Spread to: China, Korea, Japan, Tibet ***

26. Buddhism Dalai Lama – leader of government
Panchen Lama – religious leader
Both considered reincarnations of Buddha

27. Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama, Tibet

28. Jainism Jainism – religion Rejected caste system
Taught ahimsa, nonviolence
Did not want to harm anything on earth
If someone is nice to everyone, they could achieve nirvana
Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr. practiced ahimsa.

29. Gandhi

30. Martin Luther King, Jr.