1. Third Crusade 1). What were the causes of the 3 rd Crusade? 1). What were the causes of the 3 rd Crusade? 2). Who was involved on both sides? 2). Who was involved on both sides? 3). Outcome? 3). Outcome?

2. Saladin Tithe Saladin recaptures Jerusalem and Acre 1187. Saladin recaptures Jerusalem and Acre 1187. Extra 10% tax on the people of Western Europe for the Crusade. Why? Extra 10% tax on the people of Western Europe for the Crusade. Why?

4. Who? Who was involved? Who was involved? -Richard I of England -Phillip II Augustus of France -Richard I of England -Phillip II Augustus of France Frederick I (Barbarossa) the Frederick I (Barbarossa) the Holy Roman Emperor Saladin Saladin

7. The Crusade Barbarossa ends up drowning Richard, Phillip and the rest of the German army defeat Saladin at the Battle of Acre. Phillip leaves b/c Richard  slaughter of 3,000 Muslims when Saladin is slow to pay.

10. Richard’s Fight Neither side can win decisive battle. Finally agreed to treaty Neither side can win decisive battle. Finally agreed to treaty Mutual respect Mutual respect 1192 Jerusalem stays in Muslim control but Christian pilgrims may visit unarmed and untouched. Legacy? 1192 Jerusalem stays in Muslim control but Christian pilgrims may visit unarmed and untouched. Legacy?

11. The Fourth Crusade 1198 Pope Innocent III calls for crusade, but not much interest. Why? 1198 Pope Innocent III calls for crusade, but not much interest. Why? Crusaders become entangled in Venetian politics Crusaders become entangled in Venetian politics Sack Constantinople in 1204 Sack Constantinople in 1204 Drives two sects further apart and is the last nail for Byzantines. Drives two sects further apart and is the last nail for Byzantines. EXEMPLIFIES ALL OF THE PROBLEMS OF THE CRUSADES FOR THE EUROPEANS EXEMPLIFIES ALL OF THE PROBLEMS OF THE CRUSADES FOR THE EUROPEANS

14. Children’s Crusade Impacted by earlier losses/embarrassment Impacted by earlier losses/embarrassment 1212 Boys led by Stephen Cloyes from France started walking to Jerusalem (possibly sold as slaves). 1212 Boys led by Stephen Cloyes from France started walking to Jerusalem (possibly sold as slaves).

15. In this year occurred an outstanding thing and one much to be marveled at, for it is unheard of throughout the ages. About the time of Easter and Pentecost,4 without anyone having preached or called for it and prompted by I know not what spirit, many thousands of boys, ranging in age from six years to full maturity, left the plows or carts which they were driving, the flocks which they were pasturing, and anything else which they were doing. This they did despite the wishes of their parents, relatives, and friends who sought to make them draw back. Suddenly one ran after another to take the cross. Thus, by groups of twenty, or fifty, or a hundred, they put up banners and began to journey to Jerusalem. They were asked by many people on whose advice or at whose urging they had set out upon this path. They were asked especially since only a few years ago many kings, a great many dukes, and innumerable people in powerful companies had gone there and had returned with the business unfinished. The present groups, moreover, were still of tender years and were neither strong enough nor powerful enough to do anything. Everyone, therefore, accounted them foolish and imprudent for trying to do this. They briefly replied that they were equal to the Divine will in this matter and that, whatever God might wish to do with them, they would accept it willingly and with humble spirit. They thus made some little progress on their journey. Some were turned back at Metz, others at Piacenza, and others even at Rome. Still others got to Marseilles, but whether they crossed to the Holy Land or what their end was is uncertain. One thing is sure: that of the many thousands who rose up, only very few returned. Source: In this year occurred an outstanding thing and one much to be marveled at, for it is unheard of throughout the ages. About the time of Easter and Pentecost,4 without anyone having preached or called for it and prompted by I know not what spirit, many thousands of boys, ranging in age from six years to full maturity, left the plows or carts which they were driving, the flocks which they were pasturing, and anything else which they were doing. This they did despite the wishes of their parents, relatives, and friends who sought to make them draw back. Suddenly one ran after another to take the cross. Thus, by groups of twenty, or fifty, or a hundred, they put up banners and began to journey to Jerusalem. They were asked by many people on whose advice or at whose urging they had set out upon this path. They were asked especially since only a few years ago many kings, a great many dukes, and innumerable people in powerful companies had gone there and had returned with the business unfinished. The present groups, moreover, were still of tender years and were neither strong enough nor powerful enough to do anything. Everyone, therefore, accounted them foolish and imprudent for trying to do this. They briefly replied that they were equal to the Divine will in this matter and that, whatever God might wish to do with them, they would accept it willingly and with humble spirit. They thus made some little progress on their journey. Some were turned back at Metz, others at Piacenza, and others even at Rome. Still others got to Marseilles, but whether they crossed to the Holy Land or what their end was is uncertain. One thing is sure: that of the many thousands who rose up, only very few returned. Source: Chronica Regiae Coloniensis Continuatio prima, s.a.1213, MGH SS XXIV 17-18, translated by James Brundage, The Crusades: A Documentary History, (Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University Press, 1962), 213 Chronica Regiae Coloniensis Continuatio prima, s.a.1213, MGH SS XXIV 17-18, translated by James Brundage, The Crusades: A Documentary History, (Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University Press, 1962), 213

16. Reconquista The “Reconquest” of Spain The “Reconquest” of Spain -from which group? 1140-Established Portugal 1140-Established Portugal 1300 – Control peninsula except for Grenada 1300 – Control peninsula except for Grenada Ferdinand and Isabella complete conquering of Spain by 1492. Ferdinand and Isabella complete conquering of Spain by 1492. Begin expelling Non-Christians Begin expelling Non-Christians

17. The Inquisition Spanish court to find heretics Spanish court to find heretics By 1252 torture is used by the Church for gaining admission of sin. By 1252 torture is used by the Church for gaining admission of sin. By 1500’s Jews and Moors were expelled from Spain. By 1500’s Jews and Moors were expelled from Spain.

18. Impact ImpactOutcome Overall there were nearly 12 Crusades, with none successful Overall there were nearly 12 Crusades, with none successful Emphasis shifts to money economy. Emphasis shifts to money economy. Also, the breakdown of feudalism hastened by powerful kings. Also, the breakdown of feudalism hastened by powerful kings.