1. The Cold War

2. Origins of the cold war Yalta –Feb 1945 Big three – Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill Agreement Germany to be divided into 4 zones, as would Berlin (GB France USA USSR) Poland to gain land from Germany but lose land to USSR USSR guarantees free elections for Eastern Europe

3. YALTA Changes April Roosevelt dies – replaced by Truman who was openly anti- communist – determined to “get tough with Russians” During Potsdam, Churchill lost the election and was replaced by Attlee POTSDAM Aug 1945 Changes in the Big three meant that the personalities had changed. Disagreements at this conference saw the beginnings of the cold war

4. Agreement Plans for division of Germany agreed Germany to pay reparations War criminals to be tried United Nations set up Truman demanded USSR hold free elections for Eastern Europe Stalin angry Truman didn’t mention Atomic Bomb which Stalin secretly knew about Iron Curtain Term coined by Churchill Fulton Missouri 1946 “ From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent." Fulton Missouri 1946 Border between East and West Europe Stalin took control of Eastern Europe to act as a buffer zone to any future invasion from the West.

5. Causes of the Cold War Differences of principle between communist states and capitalists End of war saw end of need for self- preservation When German defeat was seen as inevitable Stalin in particular started to plan for post- war Europe. Aim- to strengthen Russian influence in Europe West became alarmed at spread of communism across Europe Roosevelt was more trusting of the Russians. His death and replacement by Truman led to a much more Anti-Russian stance Bevin felt GB must stand up to Russians- best way to achieve this was to work with US By end of 1947 Communist Govts. Set up in Poland Hungary Romania Bulgaria & Albania

6. Communist Europe 1949