1. The End of World War II Conferences and Cold War

2. End of the War in Europe May 7, 1945—Germany surrendered US, England, Russia met to reconstruct Europe after the war: –Yalta Conference –Yalta Conference (Feb 1945) –Potsdam Conference –Potsdam Conference (July, Aug 1945)

3. Yalta Conference “Big Three” (Churchill of England, Roosevelt of USA, Stalin of USSR) met to discuss Europe after WW2 This is FDR’s last meeting (died in April)

4. Yalta Conference 6 Topics Discussed: unconditional surrender –Want unconditional surrender of Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan) United Nations –League of Nations was ineffective—US, England, Russia, France, China should form United Nations (international organization to keep peace after war)

5. Yalta Conference Topics Discussed: –Russia would declare war on Japan (& help USA invade Japan) after Germany surrendered 4 occupied zones –Divide Austria, Germany & capital Berlin into 4 occupied zones (controlled US, England, France, & USSR)

7. Yalta Conference Topics Discussed: Self Determination –Roosevelt & Churchill afraid Stalin would make Eastern Europe communist after war; wanted Self Determination (right to choose democracy or communist) for Eastern European Countries: Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, & Bulgaria

8. Yalta Conference Stalin agreed to self-determination if could have part of Poland; Poland— should have free elections

9. Potsdam Conference (Stalin, Truman, Churchill)

10. Potsdam Conference After German surrender, Stalin began pressuring Eastern European countries to become communist Truman unhappy with these new pro- Soviet governments; Demanded Stalin allow free elections as he agreed to at Yalta Stalin refused to allow freely elected governments in Eastern Europe; feared they would be anti-Soviet

12. Potsdam Conference While at Potsdam, Truman learns the atomic bomb is ready ‘Potsdam Declaration’— gave Japan ultimatum: unconditionally surrender or face "prompt and utter destruction"

13. Review of Potsdam & Yalta

15. Cold War When the World War 2 finally ended, 2 superpowers remained: US & USSR USA—capitalist & democratic; USSR— communist Cold War Different beliefs led to Cold War; fight for control of European countries & supremacy throughout the world VS

21. League of Nations, Appeasement, Great Depression, Communism, Totalitarian Regime, Hitler, Mussolini, Hideki Tojo, Stalin, Mein Kampf, Kristallnacht, Poland, Stalingrad, Final Solution, Blitzkrieg, Phony War, Fascism, El Alamein, Manchuria, Midway, Iwo Jima, Island- Hopping, Atomic Bomb, Yalta, Potsdam Conference, Cold War, United Nations League of Nations, Appeasement, Great Depression, Communism, Totalitarian Regime, Hitler, Mussolini, Hideki Tojo, Stalin, Mein Kampf, Kristallnacht, Poland, Stalingrad, Final Solution, Blitzkrieg, Phony War, Fascism, El Alamein, Manchuria, Midway, Iwo Jima, Island- Hopping, Atomic Bomb, Yalta, Potsdam Conference, Cold War, United Nations