1. Chapter One Becoming a Public Speaker

2. Chapter One Table of Contents zThe Many Benefits of Public Speaking zPublic Speaking as a Form of Communication zPublic Speaking and the Communication Process zLearning to Speak in Public zClassical roots of public speaking

3. The Many Benefits of Public Speaking zProfessional and personal opportunities zHoning Critical Thinking and Listening Skills zEnhancing Your Career as a Student zAccomplishing Professional and Personal Goals zExploring and Sharing Values

4. The Many Benefits of Public Speaking: Honing Critical Thinking and Listening Skills zSharpen your ability to reason or think critically. zLearn to make claims and present evidence and reasoning zImprove listening skills which enables you to separate fact from falsehood.

5. The Many Benefits of Public Speaking: Enhancing Your Career as a Student zPreparing speeches involves numerous skills that you can use in other courses: yResearch yOral presentation yBasic communication yCreative thinking

6. The Many Benefits of Public Speaking: Accomplishing Professional and Personal Goals zProfessional Goals: yConvey information, persuade and motivate others ySkill in public speaking tops the list of sought-after skills by many organizations. zPersonal Goals yPublic speaking helps you communicate personal concerns to others.

7. The Many Benefits of Public Speaking: Exploring and Sharing Values zPublic speaking enables you to express values and explore those of others in a civil dialogue, regardless of whether or not the audience shares your viewpoint.

8. Public Speaking as a Form of Communication zDyadic communication: communication between two people zSmall group communication: small number of people who can see and speak directly with each other

9. Public Speaking as a Form of Communication zMass communication: a speaker and a large audience of unknown people zPublic speaking: a speaker delivers a message with a specific purpose to an audience who are present during delivery

10. Public Speaking as a Form of Communication zSimilarities between Public Speaking and Other Forms of Communication zDifferences between Public Speaking and Other Forms of Communication

11. Public Speaking as a Form of Communication: Similarities between Public Speaking and Other Forms of Communication zLike small group communication, public speaking requires you to clearly address issues that are relevant to the topic and occasion. zLike mass communication, you have to appeal to a listener’s interest, attitudes, and values.

12. Public Speaking as a Form of Communication: Similarities between Public Speaking and Other Forms of Communication zLike in conversations, you have to attempt to make yourself understood, involve and respond to the listeners, and take responsibility for what you say.

13. Public Speaking as a Form of Communication: Differences between Public Speaking and Other Forms of Communication zFeedback in public speaking is more restrictive. zPreparation must be careful and extensive. zThe degree of formality tends to be higher.

14. Public Speaking and the Communication Process Communication is an interactive process in which people exchange and interpret messages with one another.

15. Public Speaking and the Communication Process zElements of Communication zSpecial Speaker Considerations: Speech Context, Goals, and Outcome

16. Public Speaking and the Communication Process: Elements of Communication z Source : Person who creates a message xEncoding: physical process of delivering a message z Receiver : Recipient of the source’s message xDecoding: process of interpreting the speaker’s message z Message : Content of the communication process; thoughts and ideas

17. Public Speaking and the Communication Process: Elements of Communication zChannel : medium through which the speaker sends a message zNoise: interference that serves as a barrier to communication zAudience Perspective : needs, attitudes, and values of the audience

18. Public Speaking and the Communication Process: Elements of Communication zShared Meaning : mutual understanding of a message between speaker and audience

19. Public Speaking and the Communication Process: Special Speaker Considerations zSpeech context: factors that influence the audience, the speech, or the occasion. zMaintain a clear focus on your goal. zMake sure afterward that you have accomplished the goal you set out to reach.

20. Learning to Speak in Public zDraw on Familiar Skills zRecognize Public Speaking’s Unique Requirements zAim to Become a Culturally Sensitive Speaker

21. Learning to Speak in Public zPublic speaking is an acquired skill. People have to devote time and effort to improvement.

22. Learning to Speak in Public: Draw on Familiar Skills zThere are many skills to public speaking that you have used unknowingly throughout your life, in conversation and writing.

23. Learning to Speak in Public: Draw on Familiar Skills zWriting and public speaking have many similarities. yEach require a focused sense of the audience yEach require research and documentation yBoth use effective transitions yBoth rely on persuasion

24. Learning to Speak in Public: Draw on Familiar Skills zConversation and public speaking also have many similarities. yBoth require the speaker to consider the audience, the topic, and the occasion. yHowever, conversation is more informal; public speaking requires formal language

25. zUse familiar words and straightforward syntax. zUse a conversational tone along with a formal style. Learning to Speak in Public: Recognize Public Speaking’s Unique Requirements

26. Learning to Speak in Public: Aim to Become a Culturally Sensitive Speaker zRecognize and appreciate all forms of diversity. zCreate a sense of inclusion. zAvoid ethnocentrism : the belief that the ways of one’s own culture are superior to those of other cultures

27. Classical roots in public speaking zRhetoric : the practice of oratory zThe cannons of rhetoric : the five part process of preparing a speech

28. Classical roots in public speaking zThe cannons of rhetoric yInvention – adapting to the audience yArrangement – organizing the speech yStyle – language choice yMemory – practicing the speech yDelivery – vocal and nonvocal behavior