1. Fossils 2 types of fossils 2 types of fossils 1. body fossils: actual remains of living things (bones). 2. trace fossils: impression left by once living things (footprints, trails, burrows)

2. Which is the oldest fossil?

3. Bottom layers are the oldest layers, so they contain the oldest fossils. Petrification: process by which minerals replace the organic matter.

4. Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources

5. Renewable Resources: resources that can be replaced in a short time through natural processes. Water, soil, air, living things Will be renewable as long as we protect them from pollution

6. How we ruin our Renewable Resources: Air pollution: burning of fossil fuels for cars/factories. Soil Pollution: runoff of harmful chemicals, garbage. Water Pollution: harmful chemicals (fertilizers, pesticides from farming), dumping waste and garbage in water. Clearing land loosens soil, which erodes away.

7. How we Conserve our Renewable Resources: Soil: Plant cover crops when fields are not in use Plant soybeans to replenish nutrients Terracing Contour Plowing Terracing Contour Plowing

8. How we Conserve our Renewable Resources: Water: Turn off faucet when not using water Replace toilets with ones that use less water/flush Shorter showers

9. How we Conserve our Renewable Resources: Air: Filters on smokestacks Clean Air Act- laws to monitor pollutants released. Car emissions inspected (limit amount of pollutants car exhaust). Recycle

10. Renewable Energy Solar power: uses energy from the sun to create electricity. Wind Power: energy from moving air, which pushes and turns blades of a turbine (windmill) Built in windy places

11. Solar power:

12. Renewable Energy Hydroelectric Power: moving water to generate electricity Built on rivers and dams Moving water spins a turbine, which moves a generator to create electricity.

13. Non-Renewable Resources: Resources that cannot be replenished by natural processes at the same rate that they are used. Ex: Minerals, fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) Fossil fuels: energy resources formed from the remains of organisms that lived millions of years ago. Buried in layers of sediment, then heat and pressure change them into fossil fuels. They have energy because the animals/plants that formed them had energy from the sun.

14. Non-Renewable Resources: Fossil fuels cause pollution, acid rain, and global warming. Most of what we use requires fossil fuels to make it. We use minerals to make many products, like metal, that we use.

15. Saving our Non-Renewable Resources: Fuel efficient cars (more miles/gallon) Public transportation Walking, riding bike instead of a car Insulation keeps heat from escaping from buildings and being wasted. Turn off lights when not using them. REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE! Reduce how much you use Reuse what you can, instead of throwing away. Recycle: process materials again to make new products.

16. When you are done… turn to pages 84-86 in Coach (purple workbook). Read. Answer questions pg. 87. Write and explain the 3 types of plate boundaries. Write what events happen at each boundary.