1. Evaluate the impact of American social and political reform on the emergence of a distinct culture.

2. Chapter 8 Section 2 and 3

3. Second Great Awakening American commitment to organized religion is weakened. Scientific revolution and rationalism Began in Kentucky on the frontier Camp meetings Mainly Methodists, Baptists and Presbyterian People must readmit God and Christ into their daily lives; all people could attain grace through faith Charles Grandison Finney

4. Second Great Awakening continued Unitarian: Jesus is not God’s son, but a good teacher; God is a unity, not a trinity; stressed goodness of human nature rather than vileness, belief in free will and salvation through good works, God is a stern but loving Father Universalists: universal salvation of all souls Mormons: Jesus Christ of Later Day Saints; Joseph Smith; The Book of Mormon

5. American Writers Romanticism: feeling over reason, inner spiritually over external rules, nature over environments created by humans Transcendentalism: overcome the limits of the mind and let their soul reach out to embrace the beauty of the universe Ralph Waldo Emerson: Nature, Self-Reliance (transcendentalism) Washington Irving: Rip Van Winkle, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow Nathaniel Hawthorne: The Scarlet Letter Herman Melville: Moby Dick Emily Dickinson: American poet Walt Whitman: O Captain, My Captain, Leaves of Grass

6. American Writers

7. American Writers: James Fenimore Cooper The Last of the Mohicans First American novelist

8. American Writers: Henry David Thoreau Walden, Civil Disobedience Transcendentalist Fight the pressure to conform

9. American Writers: Edgar Allan Poe Tell-Tale Heart, The Raven, The Cask of Amontillado, Fall of the House of Usher Poet and short story writer Themes: mystery and terror

10. Reformers and their Reforms Lyman Beecher Benevolent societies: combated social problems through God’s word Temperance limit the amount of alcohol (moderation) Alcohol can lead to the downfall of man Horace Mann Father of education Public education State board of education

11. Drunkard’s Progress

12. Utopia Perfect society Communist Brook Farm Oneida Shakers

13. Reformers: Elizabeth Cady Stanton Advocated for women’s suffrage Seneca Falls Convention: wrote the Declaration of Sentiments; all men and women were equal Launched the modern women’s rights movement Some changes did happen but overshadowed by slavery

14. Reformers: Dorothea Dix Worked to get better care for Mentally ill and imprisoned

15. Reformers: Susan B. Anthony Advocate for women’s rights