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Section 1 Chapter 13.  How did religion affect Americans during the Second Great Awakening?  What were the transcendentalists’ views of American society?

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Presentation on theme: "Section 1 Chapter 13.  How did religion affect Americans during the Second Great Awakening?  What were the transcendentalists’ views of American society?"— Presentation transcript:

1 Section 1 Chapter 13

2  How did religion affect Americans during the Second Great Awakening?  What were the transcendentalists’ views of American society?  What were some ideas of the romantic movement?

3  Starting in the 1790’s the Christian renewal known as the Second Great Awaking began  Charles Grandison Finney was an important leader of the second great awakening  He was a lawyer that decided to leave his career and preach around the country  He preached that sin was avoidable and told his converts to do good deeds  He also held prayer meetings that would last for days

4  Minister Lyman Beecher of Boston was angered at Finney’s message and vowed that if he attempted to come to Boston he would “fight every inch of him”  The challenges on faith drew more people to Christianity during this time (especially women and African-Americans)

5  Some New England writers and thinkers founded transcendentalism– the belief that people could transcend, or rise above, the material things in life, such as money  Ralph Waldo Emerson, Margaret Fuller, and Henry David Thoreau were all transcendentalists  Emerson wrote “Self-Reliance” in 1841– Americans depended too much on institutions and traditions

6  Thoreau did not trust institutions and lived alone in a small cabin in Massachusetts (wrote about the experiences living near Walden Pond)  In the 1840s some transcendentalists formed a community at Brook Farm, Massachusetts

7  It did not last long but it was an attempt at utopian communities-- tried to from a perfect society on earth  There were several utopian societies that formed around the country but they failed because they could not get their community to work well enough together

8  Painters and writers were also shaped by spirituality, the simple life, and nature  Romantic artists as they came to be called painted the American landscape  Thomas Cole was one such artist

9  During the same time the number of notable American authors grew  Ann Sophia Stephens wrote historical fiction  Nathanial Hawthorne wrote one such book entitled The Scarlet Letter which depicted Puritan life (also wrote Moby-Dick)

10  Edgar Allan Poe became famous for his short stories (“The Raven”)  Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman were two very famous American poet

11  Dickinson only published two poems anonymously during her life but after her death many poems were found in her home and published  Whitman praised both American individualism and democracy in his simple poems

12  How did religion affect Americans during the Second Great Awakening?  What were the transcendentalists’ views of American society?  What were some ideas of the romantic movement?


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