1. After the Civil War, African-Americans faced R.A.C.I.S.M. Chapter 1: An Age More Golden than Gilded?

2. R.R. Racist Jim Crow laws  Enforced between 1876-1965  Racial segregation in public life  Separate water fountains, public schools, public bath houses, restaurants, public libraries, buses and rail cars Chapter 1: An Age More Golden than Gilded?

3. A.A. African-Americans look to courts  Blacks sue for rights  W.E.B. Dubois led fight in courts  Often times lost Chapter 1: An Age More Golden than Gilded?

4. C.C. Cities: “Great Migration” to North  Blacks migrated to northern cities  Left for improved economic opportunity and to escape racism Chapter 1: An Age More Golden than Gilded?

5. I.I. Intimidation: lynchings  Ku Klux Klan (KKK) formed after war  Intimidated, attacked, and lynched African-Americans  President Grant sent in army to stop KKK Chapter 1: An Age More Golden than Gilded?

6. S.S. Supreme Court: Plessy v. Ferguson  Infamous court case, 1896  Approved racial segregation  Said “separate but equal” okay Chapter 1: An Age More Golden than Gilded?

7. M.M. Mass movement: NAACP  National Association for the Advancement of Colored People  Led by W.E.B. Dubois  Pushed for equal rights in court Chapter 1: An Age More Golden than Gilded?