1. World War I

2. Main Idea As WWI began & then spread to much of Europe, the U.S. tried to remain neutral as long as possible.

3. Archduke Ferdinand Assassinated!! Bosnia is new province in Austro-Hungarian empire Makes state visit to Bosnia 2 attempts made

4. Causes of War M ilitarism- aggressively building up armed forces in preparation for war A lliances- complicated system developed among European nations I mperialism- competition for colonies N ationalism- countries act in own national interest; diverse ethnic populations

5. Conflict Expands 1. Mobilization-readying of troops for war 2. Threats back & forth 3. Germany declares war on Russia

6. Schlieffen Plan: a 1 st strike strategy A quick sweep through France Turn east & defeat Russia

7. 5. Belgium Neutrality Violated Forces Great Britain into war

8. Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary

9. Allies Russia France Serbia Britain

10. Stalemate: Neither side can gain an advantage

11. Trench Warfare “no man's land” neither side gains more than a few miles; Muddy & Rat infested

12. American Response 1. Wilson proclaims U.S. neutral 2. “preparedness” movement- train troops 3. Peace movement

13. US Declares War “The voters... have seen lives lost, property ruined, privations suffered, on a greater scale than the world had ever known, and they have seen existence become harder, not only for the men who are fighting, but for all the inhabitants of the stricken countries. They have seen nation after nation drawn in, until the role of the original combatants has been doubled.”

14. German Submarine Warfare 1. Provokes calls for war in U.S. 2. U-boat changed rules for naval warfare a. Enabled Germany to break stalemate at sea

15. 3. Used to prevent munitions & food from reaching Britain's ports German sub warfare, cont.

16. 4. British develop hydrophones 5. British cut transatlantic cable 6. Sinking of the Lusitania

17. Sussex Pledge Germany promises to warn ships before attacking Only lasts a few months

18. The Move Towards War 1. Germany's use of Unrestricted sub warfare 2. Zimmerman note a. Contains secret offer to Mexico b. Mexico should declare war on U.S. c. Would be rewarded w/ land

19. Russian Revolution Fall of czar removes stumbling block to join Allies

20. War Resolution March 20, 1917 Presidential Cabinet votes for war April 6, 1917 Wilson signs war resolution

21. Americans on European Front

22. Troop Count Army-100,000 Marines-15,500 National Guard-132,000

23. Draftees & Volunteers Training includes how to: use a bayonet & rifle, dig a trench, put on a gas mask, & throw a grenade Congress passes Selective Service Act

24. Draft cont. Convoy system used to protect ships American soldiers given nickname “doughboys”

25. Turning the Tide of War 1. Events in Russia shake the alliance a. Bolsheviks overthrow republican govt. b. Germany helps Lenin c. Allows Germany to focus on Western Front

26. Turning the Tide, cont. 2. American forces help save Paris 3. Tanks help Allies break German lines

27. 4. War in the Air a. U.S. manufactures new planes b. 1 st used to scout enemy positions c. German zeppelins & bombers launch raids on London

28. 5. Ending the War a. Central Powers begin to collapse b. German sailors mutiny c. German representative signs an armistice d. Flu epidemic kills nearly 30 million

29. Results of the War 50,000 Americans die in battle European death toll nearly 8 million

30. Americans on the Home Front

31. “ I hate war, because war is murder, desolation, and destruction. If one- tenth of what has been spent on preparedness for war had been spent on the prevention of war the world would always have been at peace.” --Henry Ford--

32. Financing the War: Liberty Bonds Could be redeemed later for value of original plus interest Raised more than $20 billion Paid war cost plus loans to Allies Allowed civilians to be involved in war effort

34. Managing the Economy 1. Industries switch from producing commercial goods to war goods 2. War Industries Board a. oversaw nations war-related productions b. Doled out raw materials c. Told manufacturers what & how much to produce d. Fixed prices

35. President given power to: Manage production & distribution of food & fuel Manage how much food people bought Impose price controls

36. 4. Daylight saving time imposed

37. Enforcing Loyalty News & information comes under federal control Fears of espionage & spying generate calls for restriction on immigration

38. All things “German” banned Political radicals voice antiwar opinions Enforcing Loyalty cont.

39. Social Mobility for Minorities & Women Businesses need new workers 500,000 African Americans join the “Great Migration” 400,000 women join the industrial work force