1. World Net Primary Production Area (left) and total (right) NPP. From http://www.sprl.umich.edu/ GCL/Notes-1998-Fall/energyflow.htm

2. Climate and NPP NPP is strongly dependent upon climate. From http://www.sprl. umich.edu/GCL/Notes-1998-Fall/energyflow.htm

3. Bt Corn Pollen kills Monarch Butterflies Transgenic corn containing Bt genes is resistant to ravenous larvae of the European corn borer and corn earworm. But a heavy dusting of its pollen on milkweed kills larvae of the Monarch. From: Transgenic Corn vs. Monarch Butterflies, Barry A. Palevitz, June 7, 1999 >

4. Biotech Crops: Risk and Promise Frankenfoods, or a boon for the world? Vitamin A-producing rice could benefit malnourished millions drought, disease and pest-resistant crops could provide the next green revolution but genes could “jump” from trangenic plants to wild plants, creating monster weeds today, a large fraction of our corn and soybeans are “roundup-resistant”, allowing wide use of herbicide (and no-till agriculture which protects waterways) Much bigger issue in Europe than in USA

5. Biotech Foods - Dilemma for Producers Genetically-modified crops are now widely grown –52% of soybeans (38 m of 73 million acres) –25% of corn (19 m of 76 m acres) Foodstream can not easily separate g.m. from non-g.m. crops Major food producers are unsure of public’s response to genetically altered crops –McDonald’s has asked suppliers not to ship genetically- modified potatoes, but cooks fries in vegetable oil made from g.m. corn and soybeans (NewYork Times 4 June 2000)

6. Biotech Crops: Some Websites Www.nbiap.vt.edu www.ncbe.reading.ac.uk/NCBE/GMFOOD/menu. html www.usia.gov/topical/global/biotech