1. The Crusades What was the goal of the Crusaders? Did the Crusaders achieve their goal?

2. Crusades Crusades The Crusades were a series of battles between Christians and Muslims in the Middle East. Christian knights wanted to take the Holy Land and give it back to Christians.

3. The Crusaders were also looking for the relics (holy artifacts) of Christianity. Can you name any? The Holy Grail (cup that held some of Christ’s blood from cross) Spear of Destiny (spear which Roman Soldier poked Christ on cross) Ark of the Covenant (held the 10 Commandments) Christ Burial Shroud (cloth that covered Christ in tomb) Cross (Christ’s) Pieces scattered all throughout the world and many others

4. Jerusalem itself was a multicultural city. Jews, Muslims and Christians all lived together and all called the city home. Christians on pilgrimages to Jerusalem were freely allowed across to the Holy Places. Prior to Crusades

5. Crusades Starting Around 1095 a new group of Arab Muslims took control of Jerusalem and closed it to Jews and Christians. This made the Christians and Jews angry.

6. Pope Urban II It also angered the Pope who called for a Crusade. He asked Christians to volunteer to form an army and take control of the city away from the Arab Muslims.

7. The Crusades This started the Crusades a series of eight (8) military campaigns to the Holy Land and Jerusalem. The Christians (Crusaders) were fighting the Muslims for control of Jerusalem, the Christians most holy city. “Deus Vult!” or “God wills it!” became the Crusader’s chant.

8. Jerusalem

10. Timeline First Crusade 1096-1099 Second Crusade 1147-1149 Third Crusade 1189-1192 Fourth Crusade 1201-1204 Fifth Crusade 1217-1221 Sixth Crusade 1228-1229 Seventh Crusade 1248-1254 Eighth Crusade 1270-1270

11. Important Crusades and Events First Crusade:  Started it all  Christians wanted to take back Jerusalem for their faith.  Soldiers sewed Giant red crosses into their tunics and were encouraged by the Pope to join in the journey called a pilgrimage.  Pope told soldiers that if they went on the crusades their sins would be forgiven, and if they died they would immediately go to Heaven.

12. Important Crusades and Events cont’d Third Crusade:  Known as the King’s Crusade, it united France, Germany, and England against the Muslims in Jerusalem.  The Crusaders had three great leaders. King Richard I (Richard the Lionheart), Phillip II of France, and Emperor Barbarossa of Germany. While The Muslims in Jerusalem were ruled by Saladin.  In 1192 Richard and Saladin signed a treaty where Jerusalem would remain under Muslim control, but also allowed unarmed Christian pilgrims to enter the city.

13. Impact of the Crusades The Crusades affected Europe in many ways. But the big three were: Government GovernmentTechnologyAnd… Culture & Trade

14. Government Weakened feudalism in Europe. Many Nobles fought in and died during the Crusades. This gave more power to the King. Peasants and Serfs also fought in the Crusades. Many of them died. Some of the serfs and peasants that didn’t die didn’t even bother returning home. This provided the King and the remaining nobles with fewer workers. With so few workers the farms failed and the land was given to the king.

15. Technology The Crusaders brought back Muslim technology far better than their own. The Compass Superior Shipbuilding Techniques This is believed to have helped the spirit of exploration we saw in Europe in the 1400s

16. Culture & Trade Crusaders brought back goods like sugar, silk, and other spices. These goods became very popular in Europe and encouraged Trade. Crusaders also brought back some of the beliefs of the different cultures they encountered on their journeys. Ways of trading Literature Art

17. To Sum Up The Crusade started as a Holy War between what two groups of people? What were the two important Crusades we discussed? While it led to many deaths the Crusades also helped Europe how? Did the Crusaders achieve their goal?