1. Formation of Western Europe Chapter 14

3. I. Crusades Palestine – Holy land where Jesus lived and taught European Christians made regular pilgrimages to Palestine 1000s – Islamic Turks took over the holy land and Christians were no longer allowed to visit

4. A. Call for War 1095 – Pope Urban II called for a war to take back the holy land from the Muslims Crusades – Holy war to retake Palestine Urban II claimed anyone killed fighting in the Crusades would go straight to heaven

6. Holy War

7. B. Myths About Islam Believed that Muslims worshiped many gods Believed that Muslims eat babies Believed the Muslims worshiped idols

8. C. First Crusade (1096-1099) Nobles stopped fighting each other and joined the Crusades Widespread excitement for the 1 st Crusade 1 st Crusade was the only successful one for the Christians Were able to recapture Jerusalem and establish the Crusader States

10. D. 2 nd Crusade Christian armies suffered humiliating defeats Gained nothing and were forced to retreat

11. E. 3 rd Crusade Richard the Lion-Hearted – English King who led the 3 rd Crusade Muslims regained Jerusalem but allowed unarmed Christians to freely visit the holy land

12. F. Other Crusades 5 more unsuccessful crusades were attempted Children’s Crusade – 30,000 unarmed children went to the holy land Believe that God would lead them to victory Most were killed or sold into slavery

14. G. Spanish Crusade Moors – Muslims who controlled most of Spain until the 1100s Reconquista – Effort by Spain to drive the Moors out of the country 1492 – Spain ends the Moor’s rule under the leadership of Ferdinand and Isabella

15. Charles Martel’s Victory in the Battle of Tours

16. Spain is unified as a Christian nation Inquisition – Church court that tried people for heresy People charged of heresy were either tortured or burnt at the stake

18. Spanish Inquisition

20. H. Effect of the Crusades 1) Lessened the Pope’s power 2) Lessened the power of the feudal nobility 3) Created bitterness between Christians and Muslims that continues today 4) Increased the persecution of Jews