1. Lecture 2 Terminology and Body Plan for the Human Body
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Lecture 2 Terminology and Body Plan for the Human Body

2. Anatomical Position: The Standard for Reference
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Anatomical Position: The Standard for Reference
Anatomical Position
Body erect, face forward, feet together, palms face forward
Other Body Positions
Supine: lying face upward
Prone: lying face downward

3. Body Planes Sagittal / Midsagittal (Median)/ Parasagittal
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Body Planes
Sagittal / Midsagittal (Median)/ Parasagittal
Frontal (Coronal)
Transverse (Horizontal) / Cross
Oblique: Other than at a right angle
Fig. 1.5

4. Terminology and Body Plan
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Terminology and Body Plan
Directional Terms
Superior versus Inferior
Anterior/Ventral versus Posterior/Dorsal
Medial versus Lateral
Proximal versus Distal
Superficial versus Deep
Fig. 1.7

5. Body Parts and Regions Modified from Fig. 1.8
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Orbital (eye)
Nasal (nose)
Cephalic (head)
Buccal (cheek)
Oral (mouth)
Thoracic (thorax)
Axillary (armpit)
Brachial (arm)
Abdominal (abdomen)
Antebrachial (forearm)
Pelvic
Coxal (hip)
Carpal (wrist)
Manus (hand)
Digital (finger)
Femoral (thigh)
Patellar (knee)
Crural (leg)
Tarsal (ankle)
Pes (foot)
Modified from Fig. 1.8
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(a) Anterior view

6. Body Parts and Regions Modified from Fig. 1.8
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Otic (ear)
Thoracic (thorax)
Vertebral (spinal column)
Brachial (arm)
Abdominal (abdomen)
Gluteal (buttock)
Antebrachial (forearm)
Femoral (thigh)
Popliteal (back of knee)
Crural (leg)
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Calcaneal (heel)
Modified from Fig. 1.8
(b) Posterior view

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Review Question
Which of the following pairs of body parts and directional terms is mismatched?
Popliteal/femoral; distal
Patellar/crural; proximal
Antebrachial/abdomen; lateral
Brachial/carpal; superior
Abdominal/vertebral; anterior

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Body Cavities
Fig. 1.9

9. Serous Membranes Cover the organs of trunk cavities & line them
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Serous Membranes
Cover the organs of trunk cavities & line them
Parietal lines cavity walls
Visceral covers organs
Serous fluid secreted for lubrication by membranes
Fig. 1.10

10. Serous Membranes Named for their specific cavity & organs
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Serous Membranes
Named for their specific cavity & organs
Pericardium refers to heart
Pleura refers to lungs and thoracic cavity
Peritoneum refers to abdominopelvic cavity
Fig. 1.10

11. Serous Membranes retroperitoneal Fig. 1.10
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Serous Membranes
retroperitoneal
Fig. 1.10

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Points to Remember
Anatomical terms are very precise in anatomy so that one can accurately describe the body and its many parts.
The anatomical position is our universal reference for directional terms and body planes.
Body cavities contain and often separate organs.
Serous membranes cover the surfaces of organs and the wall of the trunk cavity.

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Questions?