1. ELEMENTS OF A STORY SHORT STORY BASICS

2. UNIT TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Plot 2. Setting 3. Characterization 4. Point of View 5. Theme and other style techniques

3. PLOT A.Exposition-Types of Conflict B.Rising Action C.Climax D.Falling Action E.Resolution

4. PLOT THE SERIES OF EVENTS IN THE STORY

5. EXPOSITION Introduces the setting and provides background information. Conflict is introduced as well.

6. RISING ACTION Conflict becomes more complex. Suspense keeps the reader engaged.

7. CLIMAX Turning point of the story

8. FALLING ACTION the action slows and the loose ends “fall into place ”

9. RESOLUTION Conflict is resolved

10. PLOT DIAGRAM

11. CONFLICT-TENSION OR PROBLEMS IN A STORY Internal- Struggles within his/her own mind. man vs. himself External- Struggles a character must deal with outside of himself or herself Man vs. man Man vs. nature Man vs. society

12. PLOT EFFECTS Suspense- The tension a reader feels as conflicts and complications grow in a story Foreshadowing- Clues given in a story that may indicate the outcome of a plot. Flashback- When the sequence of events in a story is interrupted to return to an earlier event.

13. SETTING Time and place of the story- The mood- The feeling of the story Time- Time of day, day of week, year etc. Location-The building, region, country Atmosphere- The weather or psychological feeling Historical setting- Historical events that happened when story was set.

14. CHARACTERIZATION A. Types of Characters 1.Protagonist 2.Antagonist 3.Flat/Round 4.Static/Dynamic B. Methods of characterization 1. Direct 2. Indirect

15. TYPES OF CHARACTERS

16. PROTAGONIST VS ANTAGONIST Protagonist is the character all of the action revolves around (Don’t say “main character”) Antagonist is the character or force working against the protagonist

17. FLAT VS ROUND Flat character are characters in a story that we know little about. Round characters are characters with many traits

18. STATIC VS DYNAMIC Static characters do not change in a story Dynamic characters experience some personal change in the story. Ex. learn a lesson, feel regret, become confident etc.

19. AUTHOR’S METHOD FOR MAKING A CHARACTER COME TO LIFE Direct Characterization The author writes specific character traits. Ex.“He was a man who did not fear death.” Indirect Characterization The author uses one of the following to reveal character traits- What the character says directly What another character in the story says about them. What the character does

20. CHARACTER AND STYLE Foil- A character who contrasts with the main character. Epiphany- A sudden realization for a character that may help them resolve the conflict

21. POINT OF VIEW The perspective from which the story is told

22. FIRST PERSON POINT OF VIEW The narrator is the character in the story. “I”

23. THIRD PERSON, LIMITED The narrator, who is not a character in the story, tells the story from the outside, from the perspective of ONE character

24. THIRD PERSON, OMNISCIENT The narrator, who is not a character in the story, tells the story from the outside, from the perspective of several characters. The narrator is all knowing.

25. THEME A central idea or message of the story. The author’s central idea is ________________________ or The author’s message of this story is ____________ This is not one word. Ex. Revenge This should not be a cliché ex. “Blood is thicker than water.”

26. STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS A literary style that presents a character's continuous random flow of thoughts as they arise. It is a technique an author uses to “get inside a character’s head” These thoughts are usually expressed in a flow of words without transitions

27. STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS VS. OTHER STYLES

28. IRONY