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Published byJemima Maryann Cummings Modified over 9 years ago
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European Imperialism in Africa 1800-1914
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What is Imperialism? Powerful nations seek to extend their control or influence over less powerful nations Example: European nations (powerful) go to African nations (weaker) to gain control the land.
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European Motives Economic Political Cultural/Religious
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Economic Motives European nations were going through their Industrial Revolution. Increased production = increased demand for raw materials Africa was a vast land filled with opportunity for raw materials. Industrial nations began looking for new markets. Industrialists wanted exclusive rights to sell in African markets.
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Political Motives Nationalists (pride and loyalty to one’s nation) argued having colonies increased the strength and prestige of their nations. Example: Great Britain claimed lands in Africa in order to prevent German and French expansion.
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Cultural/Religious Motives People of the Industrial West thought they had a duty to pass on Western ides and knowledge to the rest of the world. Some people went to Africa for religious reasons. They thought their religion was superior, and wanted African to adopt their beliefs. Christian missionaries supported European colonial governments.
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Imperialistic Process Economic Involvement lead to Political Involvement which led to Eventual Control over the colonies Most European nations used this process to gain new colonies.
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European Claims in Africa “Cutting up pieces of the pie”
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Great Britain Areas Egypt Gold Coast Nigeria South Africa Resources,Motives Control on the Nile River region Cecil Rhodes controlled diamond production in South Africa Protect a trade route to India
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France Areas West Africa North Africa Resources/Motives Wanted to control trade in this region after the abolition of the slave trade Increased authority in the Mediterranean.
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Germany Areas South Africa Resources/Motives Diamonds Gold Safeguard raw materials
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European Government in Africa Direct Rule France, Germany Imperial power controlled all levels of government Assimilation – people of the colonies would abandon their customs and adopt those of the imperial nation Indirect Rule Great Britain British governor and a council of advisors would make colonial laws Local ruler had some power
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African Resistance Many Africans resisted European rule with military force. Several wars broke out in Africa against several European nations. Despite the resistance, Africans were no match for the Europeans. Mainly because the the technology Europeans had.
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Benefits and Cost of Imperialism Benefits New agricultural techniques were introduced Medicine Constructed roads and railroads Tried to make African products available worldwide Costs Most Africans did not accept European customs European Industry and institutions did not benefit Africans Led to conflicts between tribes Millions of Africans were killed during the resistance.
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